{
  "abstract": "Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic disease characterized by a metabolism disturbance. An allostatic load measures cumulative wear and tear on the body in response to chronic stress and has been linked to the development and progression of CVD. Objective This study was to determine the relationship between allostatic load, Dietary pattern, and Cardiovascular disease management. Another purpose was to assess the impact of dietary patterns on allostatic load and CVD risk.Methodology A descriptive observational study based on a questionnaire completed by 350, patients aged 30 to 55 diagnosed with Cardiovascular disease was conducted for three months. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigations were conducted to assess primary and secondary outcomes. The statistical analysis used the mean ± standard deviation and applied logistic regression analysis to determine the association between different risk factors (allostatic load, nutritional status, BMI, CRP, and total cholesterol) and the outcome of poor prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Results The allostatic load was a significant predictor of poor management of CVD, with a regression coefficient of 0.191 (p = 0.0017) and an odds ratio of 2.19. Nutritional status, BMI, CRP, and total cholesterol were insignificant predictors. The odds ratios for these variables were 0.90, 1.09, 0.70, and 1.93, respectively, with wide confidence intervals that included the possibility of no effect. The chi-square test showed a significant association between CVD and allostatic load (p = 0.0017). Conclusions Top of FormThere was a significant association between cardiovascular diseases risk, management, and allostatic load. The study highlighted the need for interventions to improve CVD and overall health. There is a relationship between dietary patterns, allostatic load, and CVD risk, which could help inform future interventions to prevent and manage Cardiovascular diseases.Results Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of Socio-demographics of a Population (N=384) Description: The table presents the percentage and valid percentage of sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education. Table 2. Presents the survey results assessing the food behavior and CVD risk factors for a population. The table includes responses to questions about stress, sleep, physical activity, hunger, food cravings, knowledge of nutritional value, and self-care behaviors related to diabetes management. Table 3. Outlines the risk levels, cut-off values, percentage, mean, and standard deviation for various markers used in a study assessing allostatic load and CVD. The markers include blood sugar level (BSR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol. The scoring of the allostatic load is also included in the table, with risk levels categorized as high, moderate, or low based on the number of risk factors present. Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for CVD.Abstract 3-003 Table 1Socio-demographics of the population Descriptive statistics of socio-demographics of population, N=350 percent Valid percent Age 30–40 15% 15.001 40 above 85% 85.018 Gender Male 69% 69.571 Female 30% 30.833 Ethnicity Rural 45% 45.428 Urban 55% 55.571 Socioeconomic status Upper 11% 11.666 Middle 32% 32.500 Low 55% 55.833 Education Uneducated 36% 36.666 Primary 30% 30.833 Secondary 32% 32.500 Abstract 3-003 Table 2Dietary pattern assessment and Correlation of Stress and food behaviors Assessment of food behavior of the population for the regulation of CVD Always Often Sometimes Occasional Never How often do you experience stress in your daily life? 13.82 10.98 40.14 20.97 7.09 How often do you feel overwhelmed by your responsibilities or obligations? 5.09 25.075 22.09 38.96 31.07 How often do you have trouble falling or staying asleep? 34.08 21.97 19.03 20.87 3.01 How physically active are you regularly? 6.02 13.73 48.01 38.09 2.07 How often do you feel tired during the day? 54.09 12.09 10.65 7.15 3.10 How often do you feel hungry or crave certain foods? 17.08 15.02 56.38 14.03 2.09 How confident are you in your ability to make healthy food choices? 53.08 17.09 12.76 7.09 -- How often do you eat fruits and vegetables? 70.17 13.02 -- -- -- How often do you consume sugary or high-fat foods? 4.09 13.02 10.98 38.02 39.21 how knowledgeable do you feel about the nutritional value of the foods you eat 20.98 40.91 13.26 -- -- how often do you monitor your blood sugar levels (for those who have been diagnosed with diabetes 60.12 28.91 12.01 9.1 2.19 How often do you engage in self-care behaviors such as monitoring your blood sugar levels, taking medications, or attending appointments with healthcare providers (for those diagnosed with diabetes)? 30.18 20.92 18.94 19.02 -- How confident are you in your ability to manage your diabetes or prevent the development of diabetes? 11.09 9.02 15.03 34.02 29.01 How much do you think stress, sleep, and physical activity impact your risk for developing type 2 diabetes? 2.02 3.19 17.02 74.01 6.01 Abstract 3-003 Table 3Calculation of risk levels of biomarkers and allostatic load scoring The markers included in the study for the assessment of allostatic load and CVD Risk factor Risk level Cut off value Percentage Mean SD BSR High (BSR > 140) 37.714 40.29 3.10 Moderate (BSR 100–140 mg/dl) 18.998 25.01 3.92 Low (BSR 80 – 100 mg/dl) 42.285 50.28 4.23 HbA1c High risk >= 6.5% 39.238 40.28 3.23 Moderate risk 5.7 to <6.5% 40.432 40.92 4.21 Low risk >= 5.7% 42.991 40.12 3.98 BMI High risk Obese (BMI > 30) 11.710 15.02 3.19 Moderate risk Overweight (BMI 25 - 30) 37.560 41.34 4.19 Low risk Normal (BMI 18 - 25) 52.098 CRP High (CRP>1) 36.780 47.02 5.17 Normal (0.9 g/dl) 64.090 50.98 4.29 HDL cholesterol High risk <60 mg/dl 52.078 63.02 3.19 Moderate risk 40 to 59 mg/dl 37.765 37.17 3.82 Low risk >=40 mg/dl 9.238 20.91 4.02 Total cholesterol High risk >=240 mg/dl 31.0 35.02 3.10 Moderate risk 200 to 239 mg/dl 47.0 53.29 4.19 Low risk <200 mg/dl 22.089 25.92 5.29 Scoring of allostatic load High risk < 5 53.142 50.24 3.91 Moderate risk <3 or >5 or 5 25.428 30.19 3.45 low risk > 3 21.428 28.18 3.10 Abstract 3-003 Table 4Regression Model Analysis Outcome (uncontrolled diabetes) Regression coefficient Chi-square P value Odds ratio (95% CI) Intercept -3.017 4.32 0.031 Allostatic load 0.191 3.09 0.0017 2.19 (0.56, 12.640) Dietary pattern -0.170 0.0035 0.146 0.90 (0.217, 3.241) BMI 0.051 0.621 0.761 1.09 (0.23, 2.171) CRP 0.061 0.513 0.346 0.70 (0.81, 3.109) Total cholesterol -0.0261 0.0029 0.567 1.93 (0.898, 1.023)",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Abertay University"
      ],
      "name": "Ferheen Ferheen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Abertay University",
        "University of the Punjab"
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Navid Tahir"
    }
  ],
  "title": "3-003 Assessment of impact of allostatic load and dietery patterns, on cardiovascular disease CVD management in Lahore, Pakistan",
  "uid": "58d44851-8d9a-5109-bc2a-c1450ed82121"
}