{
  "abstract": "Introduction Hemorrhagic stroke remains a major cause of mortality, with hypertension being a key modifiable risk factor. Despite advancements in management, demographic and geographic disparities persist. This study aims to analyze hemorrhagic stroke-related mortality trends among hypertensive adults in the United States from 1999 to 2023, stratified by age, sex, race, and geographic location.Methods We utilized death certificate data from the CDC WONDER database for individuals aged ≥25 years from 1999 to 2023. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) were determined using Joinpoint regression analysis.Results From 1999 to 2023, a total of 372,922 deaths were identified related to hemorrhagic stroke and hypertension. The overall AAMR was 0.45 in 1999 and 6.88 in 2023, with no significant trend observed over the study period. Males consistently exhibited higher AAMRs than females (Males: 7.76 vs. Females: 6.06 in 2023). When stratified by race, the highest AAMR was observed in NH Black or African American populations, followed by NH Other, Hispanic or Latino, and NH White populations (AAMR of 10.95, 8.20, 7.83, and 5.86, respectively, in 2023). Regionally, the highest mortality was observed in the West, followed by the South, the Midwest, and lastly, the Northeast (with values of 7.91, 7.76, 5.91, and 4.82, respectively, in 2023). Urban areas (6.79) exhibited consistently higher AAMRs than rural areas (6.13) from 1999 to 2020. Mortality rates increased with age, with the highest burden observed in individuals aged 85 years and older.Conclusion Hemorrhagic stroke and hypertension-related mortality remained stable in the U.S. from 1999 to 2023, with males, NH Black or African American populations, and the Western region exhibiting the highest AAMRs. These findings highlight the importance of improving hypertension management and addressing mortality disparities.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, UAE"
      ],
      "name": "Babiker Elsiraj"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Hospital Plymouth NHS Trust, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Muhammed Ameen Noushad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Hospital Plymouth NHS Trust, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Emer Mulholland"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Hospital Plymouth NHS Trust, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jaisurya Jaisukhalal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE"
      ],
      "name": "Reem Abukhater"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom"
      ],
      "name": "Wahhaj Qayyum"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom"
      ],
      "name": "Munikaverappa Anjanappa Mukesh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Hospital Plymouth NHS Trust, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jovita Jerome D silva"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gastroenterology, Cumberland Infirmary Carlisle, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Mubashir Tanvir Sheikh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Hospital Birmingham, NHS foundation trust, Birmingham UK"
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Muneeb Arshad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Hospital Plymouth NHS Trust, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Naweed Ebrahim Essa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Eeshal Zulfiqar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Mushood Ahmed"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK",
        "Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Raheel Ahmed"
    }
  ],
  "title": "7-015 Trends and disparities in hemorrhagic stroke and hypertension-related mortality in the United States from 1999–2023: a cdc wonder analysis",
  "uid": "4d60129f-d1fb-5b01-a15a-b62251b6ca63"
}