{
  "abstract": "Despite the evidence-based strategies that have been proven to be optimal in reducing cardiovascular (CV) risk in various patient populations, there remains a paucity of research concerning the primary point-of-care management of coexisting heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).1 2 The prevalence of overlapping conventional CV risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, overweight/obesity and smoking, among vulnerable populations, that is, T2DM and CKD, varies by about 30%.3 The presence of these comorbidities has been shown to markedly increase the risk of secondary diagnoses and has been associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. HF is frequently diagnosed as the initial CV event in patients with T2DM, affecting over 30% of these patients.4 Conversely, patients with T2DM exhibit a 33% elevated probability of hospitalisation for HF in comparison to those not afflicted with diabetes. CKD has been observed in approximately 40% of patients with T2DM and is the primary cause of end-stage kidney disease, which is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, HF and atherosclerotic CV disease.5",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Internal Medicine Department, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Berezin"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Multifactorial management of complex comorbidity followed by heart failure, chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the way to overcome missed opportunities",
  "uid": "c574fe6d-62f8-51d9-85f4-04599c63719c"
}