{
  "abstract": "Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder of gut-brain interaction, with heterogeneous symptoms, no available biomarkers and limited pathogenetic insight.Objective To identify genetic risk factors and actionable mechanisms for future clinical translation in IBS.Design We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of IBS in 2 775 539 individuals from 22 biobanks. IBS genetics was studied across multiple ancestries, different case definitions and symptom-related subtypes. Heritability and genetic correlations with other traits were estimated, and Mendelian randomisation was used to test causal relationships. GWAS data were functionally annotated and fine-mapped to prioritise tissues, cell types, pathways, candidate genes, specific mechanisms and druggable targets.Results Significant heritability was only detected in individuals of European ancestry, with near-identical genetic architecture across case definitions. Genetic correlations with GI, psychiatric and cardiometabolic traits were observed, including causal relationships with triglyceride (TG) levels. Functional annotation of IBS risk loci highlighted cell types and pathways relevant to brain, enteric neuro-glial and cardiometabolic domains, as well as actionable targets like GCKR, a regulator of TG metabolism. Druggability analyses converged on cardiometabolic mechanisms, including TG modulation. IBS polygenic risk scores were derived and showed a significant association with case status in an independent case-control dataset, supporting further evaluation in external population-based and clinically ascertained cohorts.Conclusions This study provides the most comprehensive assessment of IBS genetics to date, demonstrating reproducible polygenic inheritance. We link IBS risk to convergent neurogastrointestinal and novel cardiometabolic mechanisms, highlight specific biological pathways and actionable mechanisms and outline translational opportunities emerging from integrated computational analyses.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Biagio Di Lorenzo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Hypertension Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Leticia Camargo Tavares"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Cristian Díaz-Muñoz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Francisco Heredia-Fernández"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Isotta Bozzarelli"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Cristina Esteban Blanco"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System, Birmingham, AL, USA",
        "Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Zhe Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA",
        "Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Roelof A J Smit"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA",
        "Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Ruth J F Loos"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jibril Hirbo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Nancy J Cox"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Peter Straub"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada",
        "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Marie-Julie Favé"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Molecular Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Philip Awadalla"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Nikita Pozdeyev"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Christopher R Gignoux"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy",
        "National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Hypertension Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System, Birmingham, AL, USA",
        "Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA",
        "Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada",
        "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Molecular Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia",
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK",
        "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK",
        "Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK",
        "Genomic Health Initiative, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA",
        "Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia",
        "Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy",
        "CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.a r.l, Naples, Italy",
        "Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Qatar Genome, Qatar Precision Health Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar",
        "Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan",
        "Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan",
        "Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan",
        "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway",
        "HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway",
        "Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway",
        "Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden",
        "Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA",
        "Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland",
        "Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland",
        "Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"
      ],
      "name": "Daniel F Gudbjartsson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland"
      ],
      "name": "Gudmar Thorleifsson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"
      ],
      "name": "Ingileif Jonsdottir"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"
      ],
      "name": "Kari Stefansson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"
      ],
      "name": "Erik Abner"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"
      ],
      "name": "Priit Palta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy",
        "National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Hypertension Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System, Birmingham, AL, USA",
        "Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA",
        "Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada",
        "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Molecular Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia",
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK",
        "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK",
        "Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK",
        "Genomic Health Initiative, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA",
        "Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia",
        "Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy",
        "CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.a r.l, Naples, Italy",
        "Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Qatar Genome, Qatar Precision Health Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar",
        "Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan",
        "Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan",
        "Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan",
        "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway",
        "HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway",
        "Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway",
        "Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden",
        "Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA",
        "Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland",
        "Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland",
        "Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Estonian Biobank Research Team"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Alexander T Williams"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK",
        "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Kayesha Coley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK",
        "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Gerald Sze"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK",
        "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Catherine John"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Anne Richmond"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Daniel McCartney"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Caroline Hayward"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Genomic Health Initiative, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Ashley J Mulford"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Genomic Health Initiative, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Alan R Sanders"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia"
      ],
      "name": "Raitis Peculis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia"
      ],
      "name": "Vita Rovite"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia"
      ],
      "name": "Marija Simona Dombrovska"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy",
        "CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.a r.l, Naples, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Mario Capasso"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Valeria Lo Faro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Trishla Sinha"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Esteban Alexander Lopera Maya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Alexandra Zhernakova"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy",
        "National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Hypertension Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System, Birmingham, AL, USA",
        "Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA",
        "Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada",
        "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Molecular Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia",
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK",
        "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK",
        "Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK",
        "Genomic Health Initiative, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA",
        "Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia",
        "Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy",
        "CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.a r.l, Naples, Italy",
        "Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Qatar Genome, Qatar Precision Health Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar",
        "Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan",
        "Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan",
        "Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan",
        "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway",
        "HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway",
        "Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway",
        "Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden",
        "Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA",
        "Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland",
        "Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland",
        "Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Lifelines Cohort"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Ying Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Alicia Martin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Brett Vanderwerff"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Sebastian Zöllner"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Brian R Ferolito"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Alexander C Pereira"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "John Michael Gaziano"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Kelly Cho"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Lanna Caruth"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Lindsay Guare"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Colleen M Kripke"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Daniel J Rader"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Shefali S Verma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Anurag Verma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy",
        "National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Hypertension Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System, Birmingham, AL, USA",
        "Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA",
        "Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada",
        "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Molecular Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia",
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK",
        "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK",
        "Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK",
        "Genomic Health Initiative, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA",
        "Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia",
        "Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy",
        "CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.a r.l, Naples, Italy",
        "Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Qatar Genome, Qatar Precision Health Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar",
        "Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan",
        "Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan",
        "Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan",
        "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway",
        "HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway",
        "Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway",
        "Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden",
        "Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA",
        "Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland",
        "Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland",
        "Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Penn Medicine BioBank"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Qatar Genome, Qatar Precision Health Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"
      ],
      "name": "Chadi Saad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Qatar Genome, Qatar Precision Health Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"
      ],
      "name": "Hamdi Mbarek"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan"
      ],
      "name": "Pei-Yu Chao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan"
      ],
      "name": "Tzu-Ting Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan"
      ],
      "name": "Yen-Feng Lin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan",
        "Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"
      ],
      "name": "Yen-Chen Anne Feng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Prasanna K Challa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Hamed Khalili"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"
      ],
      "name": "Aristomo Andries"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway",
        "Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway",
        "Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"
      ],
      "name": "Eivind Ness-Jensen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway",
        "HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway",
        "Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"
      ],
      "name": "Ben Michael Brumpton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Madhusudan Grover"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy",
        "National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Hypertension Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System, Birmingham, AL, USA",
        "Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA",
        "Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA",
        "Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada",
        "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Molecular Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA",
        "Amgen deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland",
        "Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia",
        "Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK",
        "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK",
        "Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK",
        "Genomic Health Initiative, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA",
        "Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia",
        "Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy",
        "CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.a r.l, Naples, Italy",
        "Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy",
        "Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",
        "Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
        "Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
        "Qatar Genome, Qatar Precision Health Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar",
        "Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan",
        "Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan",
        "Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan",
        "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
        "HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway",
        "HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway",
        "Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway",
        "Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden",
        "Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA",
        "Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland",
        "Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland",
        "Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "FinnGen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland",
        "Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Susanna Lemmelä"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy",
        "Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Serena Sanna"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy",
        "CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.a r.l, Naples, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Ferdinando Bonfiglio"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy",
        "Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain",
        "Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Mauro D’Amato"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cross-definition GWAS of IBS in 2.8 million individuals reveals cardiometabolic and triglyceride-linked mechanisms",
  "uid": "96093dc6-1a70-52b4-829c-6f50499a81f3"
}