{
  "abstract": "Background The burden of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is rising globally, yet data on its epidemiology and outcomes in Singapore remain limited. We aimed to characterise disease phenotype, treatment response and clinical outcomes among patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).Methods We retrospectively analysed patients diagnosed with AILD between 1995 and 2025 at a tertiary centre. Diagnoses and treatment responses for AILD were defined according to international guidelines. Clinical outcomes between AIH and PBC were compared using logistic regression, adjusted for baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score.Results Among 260 patients included, 71.2% had PBC, 22.0% had AIH, 3.8% had AIH/PBC overlap syndrome, and 3.1% had PSC. The prevalence of AIH and PBC was 8.0 and 26.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. AIH was independently associated with a higher risk of de novo steatotic liver disease (aOR: 5.9, 95% CI: 2.4-14.6). Compared with PBC, AIH patients had a higher treatment response rate at one year (57.4% vs 34.6%, p<0.01) and a lower risk of overall death (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.69). Treatment response by Toronto criteria was associated with better transplant-free survival in PBC.Conclusions The prevalence of AIH and PBC mirrors that of East Asian populations. Despite a superior biochemical response, AIH was associated with a higher risk of hepatic steatosis. Underutilization of second-line treatment in PBC represents an important gap for future improvement.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Shwetha Thiyagarajan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Jarell Tan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Rahul Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Jessica Tan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Kenneth Lin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Nicholas Tee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Chin Kimg Tan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Tan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Daphne Ang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Jeannie Ong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Tiing Leong Ang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Kwek"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Kwong Ming Fock"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Yu Jun Wong"
    }
  ],
  "title": "IDDF2026-ABS-0027 Unmet needs in autoimmune liver disease: epidemiology and clinical outcomes from a Southeast Asian cohort",
  "uid": "65fba981-bdc5-5b7d-94c4-c79a6bb4f601"
}