{
  "abstract": "Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imposes a significant global health burden due to the associated morbidity and overall poor prognosis. Accordingly, it is of paramount importance to evaluate the temporal trends in the incidence, mortality, and disease burden of HCC as it enables risk stratification.Methods Temporal trends in the incidence, disease burden, and mortality of HCC in the United Kingdom (UK) for the period 1990-2023 were evaluated by retrieving data including the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) rate (ASDR), and age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) from the Global Burden of Disease database. Joinpoint regression was performed to calculate the Annual Percent Change (APC) and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC). Sub-analysis of the temporal trends based on the aetiology of the liver cancer into liver cancer due to Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease (ArLD), Hepatitis B (HepB), and Hepaittis C (HepC) was performed to evaluate for differences between the leading aetiologies.Results Over the period 1990-2023, an estimated total of 161,384 liver cancer cases with a male predominance of 61.9% were reported in the UK. The leading aetiology was HepC which accounted for 39.3% of cases, followed by ArLD (35.8%), HepB (13.3%), and MASH (6.9%). A statistically significant increase in liver cancer ASIR was observed in the UK with an AAPC of 3.57 (95%CI 3.49 to 3.66, p<0.001). Stratification by aetiology revealed a statistically significant increase across all evaluated causes with the highest incline noted in liver cancer due to MASH with an AAPC of 3.95 (95%CI 3.86 to 4.03, p<0.001), followed by liver cancer due to ArLD (AAPC 3.67, 95%CI 3.59 to 3.76, p<0.001), liver cancer due to HepB (AAPC 3.57, 95%CI 3.48 to 3.65, p<0.001), and liver cancer due to HepC (AAPC 3.47, 95%CI 3.37 to 3.55, p<0.001).Mortality wise, a statistically significant increase in liver cancer ASMR was observed in the UK with an AAPC of 3.24 (95%CI 3.12 to 3.37, p<0.001). Stratification by aetiology revealed a statistically significant increase across the different aetiologies with the highest incline observed in liver cancer due to MASH (AAPC 3.65), followed by liver cancer due to ArLD (AAPC 3.28), liver cancer due to HepB (AAPC 3.17), and liver cancer due to HepC (AAPC 3.14). In regard to the ASDR, a statistically significant increase was observed with an AAPC of 3.06. Stratification by aetiology mimicked the trends observed in liver cancer mortality.Conclusions Over a span of 33 years, liver cancer in the UK witnessed a significant increase in disease incidence, burden, and mortality warranting prompt recognition and action to tackle the resulting burden.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed Abdulelah"
    }
  ],
  "title": "FP28 Hepatocellular carcinoma in the United Kingdom: latest insights into disease epidemiology",
  "uid": "3f05ecb5-cd44-5527-bd72-24f457b37315"
}