{
  "abstract": "Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.1 Many patients with HCC present at an advanced disease stage where the tumour has invaded major blood vessels or metastasised beyond the liver. Although immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations have revolutionised treatment in these patients and are now the preferred first-line treatment, response rates remain low at 10–30%, with many patients developing acquired resistance.2 3 The liver’s unique immunotolerant microenvironment, characterised by abundant immunosuppressive cells, contributes substantially to this poor immunotherapy responsiveness.4 Among these, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the predominant immune population, comprising approximately 50% of tumour-infiltrating immune cells in HCC, and have emerged as critical drivers of immune evasion and ICI resistance.5 6 However, the heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms governing protumoral TAM subsets remain poorly defined.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiaolu Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Hospital Freiburg Department of Internal Medicine II Gastroenterology Hepatology Endocrinology and Infectiology, Freiburg, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Natascha Roehlen"
    }
  ],
  "title": "CD48+ tumour-associated macrophages: novel immunotherapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma",
  "uid": "c5996517-dada-5712-943d-46f5bf2d3514"
}