{
  "abstract": "In 1998, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Christel Neut and Jean-Frederic Colombel discovered a novel pathovar of Escherichia coli, adherent and invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), in the ileum of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), that was genetically distinct from diarrheagenic E. coli, could adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells and survive in macrophages. The consistent association between AIEC and CD (approximately 30% across the world), their ability to exploit CD-associated genetic traits, and virulence in preclinical colitis models but not healthy hosts spurred global research to elucidate their pathogenicity. Research focused on integrating AIEC with the microbiome, metabolome, metagenome, host response and the impact of diet and antimicrobials has linked the luminal microenvironment and AIEC metabolism to health and disease. This deeper understanding has led to therapeutic trials and precision medicine targeting AIEC-colonised patients. In November 2023, prominent members of the AIEC research community met to present and discuss the many facets of basic, translational and clinical AIEC fields at ‘AIEC: past, present and future’ in NYC. This review is a summary of this international meeting highlighting the history of AIEC, knowledge accumulated over the past 25 years about its pathogenic properties and proposes a standardised approach for screening patients for AIEC.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 1382, Clermont-Ferrand, France"
      ],
      "name": "Nicolas Barnich"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Janelle C Arthur"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 1382, Clermont-Ferrand, France",
        "Service d’Hépato-Gastro Entérologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 3iHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France"
      ],
      "name": "Anthony Buisson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Microbiome Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Barry J Campbell"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Bicêtre, AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Gif-sur-Yvette, France",
        "Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France"
      ],
      "name": "Franck Carbonnel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Microbiome-Host Interactions, INSERM U1306, CNRS UMR6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France",
        "IHU Infiny, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"
      ],
      "name": "Benoit Chassaing"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Brian K Coombes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 1382, Clermont-Ferrand, France"
      ],
      "name": "Jérémy Denizot"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Belgin Dogan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jeremiah Faith"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA",
        "WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Nobuhiko Kamada"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jill Roberts Center and Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Randy S Longman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Microbiology of Intestinal Diseases, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Margarita Martinez-Medina"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IBD Research Laboratory, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Claire L O’Brien"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"
      ],
      "name": "R Balfour Sartor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Shiying Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 1382, Clermont-Ferrand, France",
        "Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Service d’Hépato-Gastro Entérologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 3iHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France",
        "Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Microbiome Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Bicêtre, AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Gif-sur-Yvette, France",
        "Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France",
        "Microbiome-Host Interactions, INSERM U1306, CNRS UMR6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France",
        "IHU Infiny, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France",
        "Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA",
        "Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA",
        "WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jill Roberts Center and Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA",
        "Microbiology of Intestinal Diseases, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain",
        "IBD Research Laboratory, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia",
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "AIEC Research Group"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jean-Frederic Colombel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Kenneth W Simpson"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in Crohn’s disease: the 25th anniversary",
  "uid": "e526388a-4d7d-599e-939a-9fa61c94d7ef"
}