{
  "abstract": "Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly growing cause of cancer-related deaths in the UK, with early detection being critical for improving survival rates. Despite clear guidelines recommending 6-monthly surveillance for at-risk populations, participation remains low, with an estimated 20% of eligible patients attending regular surveillance. This guidance outlines the minimum standards for delivering effective HCC surveillance, emphasising the need for integrated patient tracking, digital call-recall systems and a multifaceted approach to engagement. Combining ultrasound with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) improves detection rates, though AFP alone is insufficient due to its variability. The recommendations aim to increase surveillance adherence, enhance early diagnosis and ultimately improve outcomes for patients at risk of HCC.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rohini Sharma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK",
        "Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Aloysious D Aravinthan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Maria Qurashi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Radiology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Benjamin Stenberg"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Hepatology, Royal Free London NHS Trust, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Aileen Marshall"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hepatology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Coral Hollywood"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hepatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Douglas Macdonald"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Graham R Foster"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Leeds, Leeds, Leeds, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ian A Rowe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK"
      ],
      "name": "James Franklin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Janisha Patel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hepatology, NHS North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Katherine Caddick"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Hepatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca L Jones"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "British Liver Trust, Ringwood, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Vanessa Hebditch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Timothy J S Cross"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "British Liver Trust, Ringwood, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Monica Walsh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
        "Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Stuart McPherson"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: minimum standards",
  "uid": "e6dcb5ac-c81e-5395-ab6e-b8fec1d54cdd"
}