{
  "abstract": "Integrated care that includes brain–gut behaviour therapy is currently the best-supported model for treating disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) and is shown to improve cost and clinical outcomes. This paper outlines three levels of integration depending on available resources in gastroenterology (GI) clinics. Ideally, all clinics would strive for fully integrated psychosocial practice (level 3), in which a gastropsychologist is a member of the multidisciplinary GI team. When this is not available, a GI clinic may adopt level 2 integration in which non-mental health professionals (eg, nurses and physicians) are trained to deliver some behavioural interventions such as guided relaxation or gut-directed hypnosis. At a minimum, all GI professionals treating DGBI should establish level 1 psychosocial integration in which patients can be referred to community mental health providers and/or self-help (eg, digital) resources. GI clinicians can support all levels of integrated psychosocial care by applying common factor clinical skills (effective communication, psychosocial assessment and education) that are essential for compassionate and effective DGBI care.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Kinsinger"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Ballou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Laurie Keefer"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Integrating brain–gut behaviour therapies in clinical practice: leveraging the resources you have",
  "uid": "4032fb9d-073b-5a12-aa34-d957aea225c6"
}