{
  "abstract": "Objective The objective is to investigate the prevalence of underweight and overweight and obesity (OWOB) and associated risk factors among 5-year-old children born very preterm (VPT).Design Multinational area-based cohort study of children born VPT.Setting 19 regions in 11 European countries.Patients Children born before 32 weeks of gestational age in 2011–2012 and followed up at 5 years of age.Main outcome measures Body mass index (BMI) at 5 years of age was classified into underweight and OWOB using International Obesity Task Force references, and associations with sociodemographic, perinatal and neonatal risk factors were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Data came from medical records during the neonatal hospitalisation and parental questionnaires at 5 years of age. Models accounted for missing data and attrition by using multiple imputation by chained equations and inverse probability weighting.Results 27.6% of children were underweight and 10.8% were OWOB. Younger maternal age was associated with lower risks of underweight, while low maternal education, household unemployment and non-European maternal country of birth were associated with having OWOB. Fetal growth restriction, receiving postnatal steroids and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were associated with underweight, and fetal growth restriction, male sex and multiple birth were negatively associated with OWOB.Conclusions 38% of children born VPT had suboptimal BMI at 5 years, principally due to being underweight, with differing risk factors for underweight and OWOB. These results raise questions about underlying mechanisms and the growth trajectories and metabolic outcomes of underweight children, in light of high prevalence and association with clinical risk.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Lifecourse Epidemiology, OPPaLE, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Soodabeh Behboodi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Lifecourse Epidemiology, OPPaLE, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Barbara Heude"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Lifecourse Epidemiology, OPPaLE, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Pauline Scherdel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for the At-Risk Infant, IRCCS La Nostra Famiglia, Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea, La Nostra Famiglia, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Marina Cuttini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Rolf F Maier"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saarland, Saarland, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Michael Zemlin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"
      ],
      "name": "Heili Varendi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"
      ],
      "name": "Ulrika Ådén"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Lifecourse Epidemiology, OPPaLE, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Adrien M Aubert"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Lifecourse Epidemiology, OPPaLE, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Jennifer Zeitlin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [],
      "name": "SHIPS Research group"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Suboptimal BMI in 5-year-old children born very preterm: a European multicountry cohort",
  "uid": "cbaf1c32-5187-526a-82ed-fca83611330d"
}