{
  "abstract": "Context Children born very preterm (<32 weeks’ gestation) have increased risk of neurodevelopmental difficulties compared with those born at term. While various neonatal exposures have been linked with later developmental challenges, identifying those at risk of difficulties later in childhood remains a challenge but is essential for targeting early intervention and counselling families.Objective To systematically review and synthesise the evidence regarding early medical and environmental factors for neurodevelopmental impairment, cognitive, motor and behavioural outcomes for children born very preterm.Design Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed were searched for articles between 1 January 1990 and 29 April 2024 reporting on a representative, prospective geographical, network-based or multisite cohorts of children born <32 weeks’ gestation.Main outcome measures Neurodevelopmental impairment, cognitive, motor and emotional-behavioural functioning in children aged 36 months to 18 years. Data were extracted and reported descriptively due to heterogeneity in study measures.Results From 18 012 records, 29 studies from 16 cohorts were included. Brain injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, male sex and lower socioeconomic status were the most consistent predictors of neurodevelopmental impairment, IQ, working memory, cerebral palsy, fine motor skills and some behavioural measures. Emotional problems were generally not associated with neonatal variables investigated to date.Conclusion Numerous factors are independently associated with childhood outcomes after being born very preterm, with specific predictors varying across domains of functioning and limited available evidence for some predictor-outcome combinations. Knowledge of these factors may assist in targeting those at highest risk for closer surveillance and early intervention.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022368957",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Neonatal Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Alice Burnett"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Neonatal Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Samuel B Axford"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Abdulbasit M Seid"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA",
        "School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Peter J Anderson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Jamie L Waterland"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Courtney P Gilchrist"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Joy Olsen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Ngoc Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Alicia Spittle"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Newborn Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Lex W Doyle"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Newborn Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Jeanie Ling Yoong Cheong"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Predicting long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for children born very preterm: a systematic review",
  "uid": "3e6735e5-b429-55ee-954d-58f6cce3ac55"
}