{
  "abstract": "Background EDs can address modifiable risks of patients attending due to violence. Hospital-based violence intervention programmes (HVIPs) can reduce patients’ exposure to violence but can place additional burdens on staff. We explored practitioners’ views on two nurse-led HVIPs’ design and delivery, response to patient need, engagement with ED health professionals, adaptation to local context and analysed documents relevant to these objectives.Methods This was a qualitative process evaluation, from January to September 2023, of two nurse-led HVIPs implemented in a major trauma centre and a large urban hospital in the UK. Interview participants (N=49) were involved with the commission and implementation of the HVIPs, or worked within the broader violence-prevention ecology. We gathered perspectives on intervention implementation and undertook documentary analysis on local and national policies, and guidance relating to HVIPs development, implementation and delivery (N=46). Documentary data were subject to thematic and content analyses, interview data to thematic analysis.Results HVIPs were developed in response to a perceived under-provision of services for patients attending EDs due to violence. The HVIP nurses had access to clinical records facilitating the identification of eligible patients. They provided patient-centred care, addressing needs through referrals into health and community-based services. Over 60% of eligible patients engaged. The nurses were seen as credible champions working towards a minimally burdensome service that supported and trained ED staff. Embedding HVIPs into usual care took time and was limited by the perceived short-term nature of the intervention.Conclusion The implementation of nurse-led HVIPs enables access to clinical records, facilitating patient engagement, and can provide an additional service aligned to usual emergency care, supporting both patients and ED staff.Pre-Registration The protocol was pre-registered ( ISRCTN 15286575; March 13, 2023) and published before data collection was complete.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK",
        "Security, Crime & Intelligence Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Simon Moore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "DECIPHer, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jordan Van Godwin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "DECIPHer, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK",
        "Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Graham Moore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Megan Hamilton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cardiff Liver Unit, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK",
        "Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "David O’Reilly"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Practitioner experiences of developing and implementing two UK ED-based hospital violence intervention programmes: a process evaluation",
  "uid": "608761a5-4603-5357-ba40-d347f02e77c9"
}