{
  "abstract": "Background Intravenous drug administration is essential in intensive care treatment. However, the risk of particulate contamination in infusion solutions during treatment is often underestimated.Methods Residual amounts of infusion solutions prepared and administered at the adult intensive care unit were examined for visible and subvisible particles according to the recommendations of the European Pharmacopoeia monographs 2.9.19 and 2.9.20.Results Samples from 169 infusion solutions were collected, 149 of which could be analysed. The Pharmacopoeia requirements for visible particles were not fulfilled in 42.9% (n=64/149) of the samples, while the requirements for subvisible particles were not met in 4.7% (n=7/149). A specific correlation between the pharmaceutical drugs or within the infusion set (bottle vs connected infusion line) and particulate contamination was not possible as the sample was too small for a correlation analysis. A Spearman rho analysis showed no correlation between particle contamination and administration mode (subvisible (10 µm): p=0.969, r=−0.005; subvisible (25 µm): p=0.834, r=−0.026; visible: p=0.711, r=−0.047) and particle contamination and dosage form (subvisible (10 µm): p=0.291, r=−0.092; subvisible (25 µm): p=0.513, r=0.057; visible: p=0.415, r=0.071).Conclusions This study showed that residuals of intravenously administered solutions have particulate contaminations. A specific causal factor was not identified.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany",
        "Pharmacy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Yvonne Remane"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Annett Frisch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Johanna Krainz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Jan Vogel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Donald Ranft"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Julia Borella"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Vincent-Christoph Klaus"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Sirak Petros"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany",
        "Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Thilo Bertsche"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Assessment of potential particulate contamination in intravenous solutions in an adult intensive care unit: a targeted correlation analysis",
  "uid": "a5b8bdf8-09d2-51e1-94ee-5e3113e8bb10"
}