{
  "abstract": "Background and Importance Parental satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in paediatric hospitals reflects healthcare quality through communication, accessibility, and medication safety. Factors like nationality and socioeconomic status shape how families perceive these services. Understanding these influences supports equitable, patient-centred pharmacy practices in diverse healthcare settingAim and Objectives The study aimed to evaluate parental satisfaction with hospital pharmacy services, focusing specifically on the effects of nationality and income status. The objective was to determine whether these demographic factors significantly influenced perceptions of communication, accessibility, and overall satisfaction, and to identify specific service elements where disparities may occur.Material and Methods A cross-sectional quantitative survey using an adapted Pharmacy Services Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSPSQ 2.0) was distributed to parents of paediatric patients over three months. Satisfaction across five domains-communication, clarity, professionalism, accessibility, and waiting time was rated on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analysed in SPSS to examine associations between parental nationality, income, and satisfaction.Results A total of 233 parents completed the survey. The overall satisfaction with hospital pharmacy services was high (mean score 4.57± 0.7). Analysis showed statistically significant differences in satisfaction related to both nationality and income. Parents with lower income (< €20,000/year) reported higher appreciation for pharmacist communication (4.4 ± 0.5) and clarity of verbal instructions (4.3 ± 0.6) but expressed more concerns about waiting times (3.1 ± 0.8) and medicine availability (3.2 ± 0.8). Families with higher income (> €40,000/year) were less satisfied with the organisation of the pharmacy (3.0 ± 0.7) and longer waiting times (3.0 ± 0.8), reflecting higher expectations of efficiency and comfort. Non-native parents (28% of the sample) reported more communication difficulties and lower overall satisfaction (3.2 ± 0.9) compared with native parents (4.0 ± 0.7, p < 0.01), particularly in understanding medication instructions and navigating the pharmacy process.Conclusion and Relevance Income status and nationality play decisive roles in shaping parental satisfaction with paediatric hospital pharmacy services. Overall satisfaction was higher among parents who reported clear communication and shorter waiting times. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions that enhance language support for non-native parents and improve efficiency for higher income families. Demographic-sensitive pharmacy service design can promote equity, adherence, trust across diverse paediatric populations.Conflict of Interest No conflict of interest",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Children’s Hospital ‘Agia Sofia’, Pharmacy Department, Athens, Greece"
      ],
      "name": "K Nikou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Children’s Hospital ‘Panagiotis and Aglaia Kyriakou’, Pharmacy Department, Athens, Greece"
      ],
      "name": "N Kouri"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Piraeus, Department of Economics, Piraeus, Greece"
      ],
      "name": "C Georgi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "International Hellenic University, Department of Organisation Management- Marketing and Tourism, Thessaloniki, Greece"
      ],
      "name": "O Gkouna"
    }
  ],
  "title": "1ISG-010 Influence of income and nationality on parental satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in paediatric hospital pharmacies",
  "uid": "e5cfb882-4640-5cd3-a966-032a05cfb9d3"
}