{
  "abstract": "Background and Importance According to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), parenteral nutrition (PN) is a high-risk medication due to its complex composition and preparation process. Standard quality controls include gravimetric verification and visual inspection of the tray containing all components required for PN compounding. However, some errors may remain undetected by these methods. The implementation of a photographic process could provide an additional layer of traceability, reinforce safety and reduce risk of medication errors. To date, limited data have been published on the systematic use of photographic documentation in PN quality assurance.Aim and Objectives The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a photographic process control system in PN compounding in a hospital pharmacy and to determine its added value compared with gravimetric and visual inspection.Material and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from May to September 2025 in the pharmacy department of a tertiary hospital. All PN preparations for adult and paediatric patients were included. Gravimetric and visual controls were performed, followed by photographic documentation throughout all steps of the compounding process. Photographs were reviewed to detect discrepancies not identified by conventional controls. Data collected included number of PN preparations, patient group, error type, and whether the error was detected only by photographic review.Results During the study period, 2566 PN admixtures were compounded, with 54 errors detected (2.1%), mainly related to incorrect dosing. The photographic system identified 27 additional dosing-related errors (50.0% of total) that were not identified by gravimetric or visual methods. In the adult population, 1564 admixtures were prepared (313/month; 10.4/day). Twenty-seven errors were reported (1.7%), of which 12 (44.4%) were identified exclusively by the photographic system. In the paediatric population, 1002 admixtures were compounded (200/month; 6.7/day). Twenty-seven errors were also reported (2.7%), of which 15 (55.5%) were detected only through photographic documentation. The photographic control was properly integrated into routine workflow.Conclusion and Relevance Photographic process control improved error detection in PN, complementing gravimetric and visual methods. It enhanced traceability and provided a ‘proof-of-process’ for quality assurance. These results support its integration as a feasible tool to increase PN safety in hospital pharmacy practice.Conflict of Interest No conflict of interest",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "A Prado Lozano"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "J Mata Alonso"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "C Jiménez Villarón"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "G Domínguez Chaparro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "L Alonso Pérez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "F García Moreno"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "P Ruiz Briones"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "MS Pernia López"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "R Romero Jiménez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "A Herranz Alonso"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "M Sanjurjo Saez"
    }
  ],
  "title": "5PSQ-049 Photographic control in parenteral nutrition: added value compared to gravimetric and visual inspection",
  "uid": "9a40f3d1-b161-560e-b841-e99b793a4f72"
}