{
  "abstract": "Background and Importance The preparation of parenteral nutrition (PN) is an important hospital process. Traditionally, PN preparation has been manual, and it involves challenges such as human error, variability, and resource consumption. As patient needs increase, automation is proposed to improve safety, traceability, and efficiency. However, there is limited evidence on the economic impact of automating PN preparation.Aim and Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic impact of automating adult PN preparation and to identify strategies to minimise costs while ensuring quality and safety.Material and Methods A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital comparing the direct costs of PN preparation in 2023 (manual) and 2024 (automated). These costs include: Costs for macronutrients, micronutrients, three-chamber bags, and disposable materials (e.g. packaging bags). Infrastructure and personnel costs were considered constant across both years. Results were compared and areas for potential cost reduction were identified.Results In 2023, a total of 7.068 adult PNs were prepared, of which 42% were individualised manual preparations and 58% were three-chamber bags. The direct cost of preparation products was €229.415, and the cost of preparation bags was €10.910, leading to a total cost of €240.325, with an average cost per PN of €34.0.In 2024, a total of 7.322 adult PNs were prepared, of which 73% were individualised automated preparations and 27% were three-chamber bags. The direct cost of preparation products was €190.472, the cost of preparation bags was €40.678, and the cost of consumables for repackaging and robot equipment amounted to €114.907, for a total cost of €346.057, with an average cost per PN of €47.2.The automation resulted in an additional €13.2 per PN, a 39% cost increase. Proposed cost reduction strategies included using repackaging bags instead of vacuum bottles, optimising repackaging volumes, and introducing a multi-electrolyte solution with potassium.Conclusion and Relevance Automation in PN preparation led to a significant 39% increase in costs. However, implementing corrective strategies, mainly in repackaging, could reduce expenses by approximately 8%. The findings suggest that while automation has clear advantages, targeted interventions could optimise the economic impact and provide a more cost-effective model for PN preparation in hospital settings.Conflict of Interest No conflict of interest",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital De Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Pharmacy Department, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "S Garcia-Rodicio"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital De Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Pharmacy Department, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "N Sunyer Esquerrà"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital De Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Pharmacy Department, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "A Fayet Perez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital De Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Pharmacy Department, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "A Fuentes Martinez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital De Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Pharmacy Department, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "A Couso Cruz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital De Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Pharmacy Department, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "E Martinez Diaz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital De Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Pharmacy Department, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "X Larrea Urtaran"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital De Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Pharmacy Department, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "C Quiñones Ribas"
    }
  ],
  "title": "3PC-009 Economic impact of automation in the preparation of adult parenteral nutrition",
  "uid": "84d61950-a5f7-5e14-99cf-7b49e6ab2afa"
}