{
  "abstract": "Background and Importance Individualised parenteral nutrition (PN) should be limited to specific clinical situations where nutritional needs cannot be adequately addressed by standardised formulations.Aim and Objectives To evaluate the compliance of standardised PN bags with individualised prescriptions for newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Material and Methods Four standardised aqueous formulations (Bags 1–4) and one lipid emulsion were developed according to international recommendations and institutional expertise. Individualised PN prescriptions issued between January 2024 and August 2025 were analysed. Based on each newborn’s weight and prescribed infusion rates, prescriptions were compared with the composition of the standardised bags at different infusion rates (±5% and ±10%). Prescriptions with any parameter deviating more than 5% from the recommended range were excluded. Parameters assessed included protein (g/kg/day), glucose (mg/kg/min), calcium, phosphorus, magnesium (mg/kg/day), sodium, potassium (mEq/kg/day), zinc (µg/kg/day), lipids (g/kg/day), and fat- and water-soluble vitamins (ml/kg/day). Compliance was defined as a maximum deviation of 5% from recommendations.Results A total of 381 prescriptions from 44 newborns were screened, with a median gestational age (GA) of 30 weeks (IQR 29–31). Of these, 252 (66.1%) were excluded. The 129 included prescriptions were prescribed to 27 newborns with a median GA of 29 weeks (IQR 28–30), postnatal age of 9 days (IQR 6–14), and weight of 1.180 kg (IQR 1.000–1.350). Compliance rates for glucose, sodium, and calcium were 93.8%, 98.4%, and 95.3%, respectively, across 20 simulations (four aqueous bags, five infusion rates) and 86.8% for lipids across five simulations (one lipid emulsion, five infusion rates). Median compliance for the remaining components was 15 for phosphorus and magnesium, 10 for amino acids and potassium, five for lipids, three for fat-soluble vitamins, and one for water-soluble vitamins. Zinc compliance was not achieved in any simulation. For all 129 prescriptions, one aqueous bag provided compliance for 7 out of 8 components (except zinc). In 83 prescriptions (64.3%), one lipid emulsion infusion rate ensured compliance for all three components.Conclusion and Relevance Standardisation proved feasible. Adjusting zinc content in aqueous bags would allow full compliance with 100% of prescriptions. For lipid emulsions, compliance was achieved in approximately 64% of cases, with further optimisation of vitamin content required for complete standardisation.Conflict of Interest No conflict of interest",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unidade Local De Saúde Do Alto Ave Ulsaave, Pharmacy, Guimarães, Portugal"
      ],
      "name": "R Barbosa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unidade Local De Saúde Do Alto Ave Ulsaave, Pharmacy, Guimarães, Portugal"
      ],
      "name": "R Fortunato"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unidade Local De Saúde Do Alto Ave Ulsaave, Pharmacy, Guimarães, Portugal"
      ],
      "name": "S Dinis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unidade Local De Saúde Do Alto Ave Ulsaave, Pharmacy, Guimarães, Portugal"
      ],
      "name": "A Araújo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Pharmacy- University of Porto, Laboratory of Pharmacology- Department of Drug Sciences, Porto, Portugal"
      ],
      "name": "F Fernandez-Llimos"
    }
  ],
  "title": "3PC-002 Compliance of standardised parenteral nutrition with individualised prescriptions in a neonatal intensive care unit",
  "uid": "46cc1832-fc02-5c3c-be3f-5c399f1178a0"
}