{
  "abstract": "Lifestyle-related behaviours—such as sedentary behaviour, physical inactivity, poor nutrition, disrupted sleep and substance use—are increasingly recognised as important factors in the onset and persistence of mental illness. Evidence for the efficacy and cost-efficiency of lifestyle interventions in mental health is growing, and such approaches are now embedded in international guidelines and endorsed by major health organisations and associations as ‘lifestyle psychiatry’. Nevertheless, despite this progress, these interventions remain underused in mental healthcare and support. One contributing factor is the lack of a shared conceptual understanding of ‘lifestyle psychiatry’, which risks fragmented practice, inconsistency in research and uncertainty around its role in policy, care and support. This paper presents a conceptual framework for lifestyle psychiatry, developed through an iterative, collaborative process involving 43 contributors across 15 countries, representing clinical, academic, policy and lived experience expertise. The framework defines core domains, outlines key challenges to behaviour change specific to mental health populations and emphasises multilevel and equity-oriented approaches. It aligns with person-centred and recovery-oriented care and serves as a shared reference point for practical application and future development. With this, we aim to support the structured, context-sensitive integration of lifestyle psychiatry into mental healthcare and support.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands",
        "Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, LI, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Jeroen Deenik"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Jentien M Vermeulen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nutrition, Exercise & Social Equity (NExuS) Research Group, University of New South Wales Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Scott B Teasdale"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Federal University of Santa Maria Department of Sport Method and Techniques, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil",
        "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Araucania, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Felipe Barreto Schuch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University Food and Mood Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Wolfgang Marx"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ben Perry"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nirakara Institute, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Gustavo G Diez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nirakara Institute, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Nazareth Castellanos"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Health Service England, Redditch, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Elshazly"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "My Mind Our Humanity, Rwanda, Rwanda"
      ],
      "name": "Grace Gatera"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, UK",
        "Central and North West London Mental Health NHS Trust, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Matt Waugh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Reading School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, Reading, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Piril Hepsomali"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physical Performance & Sports Research Center (CIRFD), Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Javier Bueno-Antequera"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physical Performance & Sports Research Center (CIRFD), Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Jesús Borrueco Sánchez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Alvaro Lopez Moral"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physical Performance & Sports Research Center (CIRFD), Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Camilo López-Sánchez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physical Performance & Sports Research Center (CIRFD), Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain",
        "Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Miguel Angel Oviedo Caro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Toronto Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Melissa Dejonge"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands",
        "Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, LI, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Chermaine Noortman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands",
        "Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, LI, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Myrthe van Schothorst"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands",
        "University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Natascha den Bleijker"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy",
        "The University of Manchester Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Luana Scrivano"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stanford University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Douglas L Noordsy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The University of Manchester Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, England, UK",
        "King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Hannah Fabian"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Durham University Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham, England, UK",
        "Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Jachyra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia",
        "Addictions and Mental Health Service, Metro South, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Justin Chapman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Gia Merlo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Townsville City, Queensland, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Sam Manger"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University Food and Mood Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Adrienne O’Neil"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Katarzyna Karolina Machaczek"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nutrition, Exercise & Social Equity (NExuS) Research Group, University of New South Wales Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, Randwick, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Oliver Ardill-Young"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NGO RESPIRA en Colombia, Bógota, Colombia"
      ],
      "name": "Paula Ramírez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Health Behaviour Research, South East Technological University - Waterford Campus, Waterford, County Waterford, Ireland"
      ],
      "name": "Evan Matthews"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Bath Department for Health, Bath, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jeffrey Lambert"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Leeds School of Biology, Leeds, England, UK",
        "University of Oxford Department of Biology, Oxford, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Josh Firth"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The University of Manchester Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Lamiece Hassan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University Food and Mood Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Felice N Jacka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of New South Wales Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Schizophrenia Research Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District and Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Philip Ward"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Vienna Institute of Sport Science, Vienna, Vienna, Austria",
        "Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Brendon Stubbs"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands",
        "Altrecht Foundation for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Wiepke Cahn"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nutrition, Exercise & Social Equity (NExuS) Research Group, University of New South Wales Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Simon Rosenbaum"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium",
        "KU Leuven Psychiatric University Hospital KU Leuven - Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Flanders, Belgium"
      ],
      "name": "Davy Vancampfort"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Manchester, UK",
        "Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Manchester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Joseph Firth"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lifestyle psychiatry: a conceptual framework for application in mental healthcare and support",
  "uid": "dabb31b9-18cf-53a2-a31f-b5607ad46abc"
}