{
  "abstract": "In healthcare, decision-making must always have the patient and the public at the centre. In psychiatry, there is little consensus regarding optimal ways to measure outcomes, but prioritising patient relevance is crucial for enhancing the evidence base of psychiatric interventions and, ultimately, improving the mental health outcomes of psychiatric patients. 1 This paper examines critical challenges in selecting and measuring patient-important outcomes in psychiatric trials across diverse age groups, including children, adolescents, adults and older adults. We describe four general problems concerning outcome selection and measurement in psychiatric trials and propose solutions to these problems. Throughout the article, we use examples from research on major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, although we hypothesise that the methodological issues concern most other psychiatric disorders.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Stolpegaard Psychotherapy Centre, Mental health services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Gentofte, Denmark",
        "Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Sophie Juul"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Pascal Faltermeier"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Faiza Siddiqui"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Johanne Juul Petersen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Caroline Barkholt Kamp"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Rikke Hermann Jakobsen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Lehana Thabane"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK",
        "Research and Development Department, North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT), London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Joanna Moncrieff"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Research and Development Department, North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT), London, UK",
        "Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Mark Horowitz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Zainab Samaan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Applied Psychology, Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences, Zürich, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Michael Pascal Hengartner"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Lawrence Mbuagbaw"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Markus Harboe Olsen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Christian Gluud"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark",
        "Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Janus Christian Jakobsen"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Challenges in the selection and measurement of outcomes in psychiatric trials",
  "uid": "1eeefbd0-d5f7-590d-b8fc-bf11849c9105"
}