{
  "abstract": "Objectives On rare occasions, hiccups can cause morbidity, such as sleep deprivation, aspiration and even death. At times, palliative invasive procedures are considered. This study tested the hypothesis that invasive procedures can provide hiccup palliation with an acceptable safety profile.Methods Multi-site electronic medical data were used to assess adult patients who underwent an invasive procedure for hiccups between January 1995 and January 2022. Hiccup palliation was defined as documented improvement in severity or frequency of this sign/symptom after the procedure.Results A total of 69 patients underwent one or more invasive procedures for hiccups (144 total procedures). Fifty-nine patients (86%) were men. The most frequent initial procedure was a phrenic nerve block (n=10) followed by oesophageal dilation (n=9). Only 31 patients (45%) manifested hiccup palliation after their first procedure. Nearly half, or 32 patients (46%), underwent more than one procedure (2 underwent nine procedures). Of these subsequent procedures, 35 resulted in palliation. Five adverse events arose from 144 procedures: post-esophagectomy atrial fibrillation, haematoma after cardiac device removal, vocal cord immobility after craniotomy, vocal cord immobility after vagal nerve manipulation, and a cerebral spinal leak after vagal nerve decompression.Conclusions Invasive procedures can palliate hiccups with an acceptable safety profile. However, these procedures appear to palliate hiccups in only about half of patients and sometimes do so only transiently.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth Cathcart-Rake"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Christopher J Ehret"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Ryan S D’Souza"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Michael R Moynagh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Nav S Buttar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Aminah Jatoi"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Invasive procedures for hiccups: a national single healthcare system study",
  "uid": "2d052638-59c8-5b20-b426-401f4d0b501f"
}