{
  "abstract": "Background Spirituality is considered important to people at the end-of-life (García-Navarro, Medina-Ortega, García Navarro. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;19(1):227) but the concept is not well defined (McSherry, Cash, Ross. J Clin Nurs. 13(8):934-41). The lack of a definition of ‘spirituality’ and particularly its confusion with religious beliefs (Blaber, Jones, Willis. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2015;21(9):430-8) results in healthcare staff not engaging with spiritual care assessment, which in turn negates the positive effects of spirituality application, hindering a ‘Good Death’ where spiritual care underpins end-of-life care (Batstone, Bailey, Hallett. J Clin Nurs. 29(19-20):3609-3624).Methods A scoping review was conducted across PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL Plus and Google Scholar, with keywords combining Spirituality AND end-of-life AND Nursing, and grey literature from statistics departments and NHS end-of-life policies. To ensure a wide scope of resources were utilised, online interviews were also searched to investigate the views of prominent academic atheists and humanists, ensuring a broad belief system was investigated. Ten definitions were finally examined and commonalities investigated using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).Results A total of 131 articles and interviews were reviewed. Ten well-utilised spirituality definitions emerged, covering a broad range of belief systems. Definitions were synthesised into themes of; Relationship and Connection, Self-improvement, Journey, Fruits of spirituality, Religion, Non-religious and Expressions of spirituality, a new generic working definition is suggested to guide future research.Conclusions Definitions of spirituality are diverse, some becoming less relevant to patients nearing the very end-of-life when focus and priorities change. Further qualitative research is required to ascertain the narrower spirituality requirements of patients nearing end-of-life as well as to develop and possibly integrate the working definition from this scoping review. The patient voice is sparse in current research and needs to be heard to understand their journey. A new simplified definition, without religious bias, may assist healthcare staff to effectively understand spirituality, have constructive conversations with patients and implement bespoke requirements.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK",
        "St Giles Hospice, Whittington, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Cara Bailey"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Adrian Millard"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Katharine Weetman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ping Guo"
    }
  ],
  "title": "P-28 What does spirituality mean? A scoping review of definition and meaning",
  "uid": "7ebdd75a-7c6d-5971-80e6-cb87e56c3f99"
}