{
  "abstract": "Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease characterised by progressive fibrosis. Environmental exposures, including fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), have been implicated in the progression of IPF; however, indoor data are limited. We aimed to evaluate the impact of indoor exposure to PM2.5 on the progression of IPF.Methods and analysis This prospective, multicentre cohort study involves 15 medical institutions across South Korea. A total of 120 patients with IPF have been recruited and will be followed for 1 year. The impact of indoor exposure to PM 2.5 on clinical outcomes, including progression of the disease (defined as a relative decline in forced vital capacity ≥10% or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide ≥15%), hospitalisation, acute exacerbations and mortality, will be assessed. Pulmonary function tests will be conducted quarterly at institutions, with home-based spirometry performed daily in a subset of 50 participants. The indoor PM2.5 level will be continuously measured using a scattering-based indoor air quality monitor (IAQ-CL; KWeather, Seoul, South Korea) and PM10, volatile organic compounds and carbon dioxide will also be measured. Biomarker analysis of Krebs von den Lungen-6 and other related markers will be performed. Statistical analyses will use linear mixed-effects models and time-to-event models to evaluate the association between exposure to PM and clinical and biomarker outcomes.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards of all institutions, including Asan Medical Center (S2021-1136-0051). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment.Trial registration number KCT0008638.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Hee-Young Yoon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Ju Hyun Oh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Won-Il Choi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Sun Mi Choi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Jimyung Park"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Yong Suk Jo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Sung Woo Park"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Haeundae-gu, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Jae Ha Lee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Hyun-Kyung Lee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Song Yee Kim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Ala Woo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon St Mary’s Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Yong Hyun Kim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Hongseok Yoo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Jong Sun Park"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Hyung Koo Kang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Ji Eun Kang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Joo Hun Park"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Woo Jin Kim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Kyoung-Nam Kim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Songpa-gu, South Korea"
      ],
      "name": "Jin Woo Song"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Impact of indoor exposure to particulate matter on the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective multicentre cohort study protocol",
  "uid": "7379546e-9bf6-5bc1-a719-2884d5ea8079"
}