{
  "abstract": "Background Maternal asthma during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of bronchiolitis and asthma in offspring, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess whether impaired postnatal infant lung function independently influences the risk of bronchiolitis and asthma in childhood or whether it mediates the association between maternal asthma during pregnancy and respiratory outcomes.Methods We analysed harmonised infant lung function data from two birth cohorts: the Australian Breathing for Life Trial and the Swiss Basel-Bern Infant Lung Development. Bronchiolitis hospitalisation (verified through medical records) and asthma at age six (parent-reported) were primary outcomes. Lung function measured included the ratio of maximum tidal inspiratory flow to maximum tidal expiratory flow (MTIF/MTEF) and the time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time ratio, tPTEF/tE. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations, and generalised structural equation modelling was used for mediation analyses.Results The study included 1203 term infants with 89 cases of bronchiolitis hospitalisation. Tidal breathing lung function ratios were associated with bronchiolitis hospitalisations: MTIF/MTEF adjusted ORs (aORs) 2.90, 95% CI 1.20 to 7.02, p=0.018; asthma in childhood: tPTEF/tE aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p=0.013 and MTIF/MTEF aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.07 to 8.02, p=0.036. MTIF/MTEF ratio mediated 11% of the total effect of asthma during pregnancy on bronchiolitis risk, and MTIF/MTEF and tPTEF/tE ratios mediated 3% of the effect of asthma during pregnancy on childhood asthma risk.Conclusion Postnatal lung function was associated with subsequent bronchiolitis and childhood asthma. Additionally, the effect of maternal asthma during pregnancy on the outcomes was partially mediated by impaired lung function.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Hunter Medical Research Institute and Asthma & Breathing research program, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Carla Rebeca Da Silva Sena"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hunter Medical Research Institute and Asthma & Breathing research program, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Adam Collison"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hunter Medical Research Institute and Asthma & Breathing research program, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia",
        "School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Vanessa E Murphy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hunter Medical Research Institute and Asthma & Breathing research program, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Gabriela Martins Costa Gomes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Olga Gorlanova"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Noëmi Künstle"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Céline Rüttimann"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Sven Schulzke"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Benjamin Stoecklin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Jakob Usemann"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Ruth Steinberg"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Sophie Yammine"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
        "South Brisbane, Children’s Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia",
        "Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Paul D Robinson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "South Brisbane, Children’s Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Peter D Sly"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Philipp Latzin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hunter Medical Research Institute and Asthma & Breathing research program, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia",
        "School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Respiratory & Sleep Medicine Department Newcastle, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Peter G Gibson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Children’s Hospital Basel UKBB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Urs Frey"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hunter Medical Research Institute and Asthma & Breathing research program, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine Department, John Hunter Children’s Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Joerg Mattes"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Early-life lung function deficits partially explain the link between maternal asthma and bronchiolitis or asthma in offspring",
  "uid": "7138cfd5-a896-5d79-8b44-88f5f7611db2"
}