{
  "abstract": "In 2013, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published Clinical Guideline 174 (CG174), 1 guiding healthcare providers in UK hospitals on the safe administration of intravenous fluid therapy. This guidance was subsequently updated in 2017 and reviewed in 2021 without being substantially altered. The guidance provides educational insights into patients’ physiological requirements for water and electrolytes before categorising the indications for intravenous fluid prescription as routine maintenance, resuscitation, replacement and redistribution requirements. The guidance is supplemented by numerous posters, graphics and other aide-memoires to facilitate and promote good practice. Widespread implementation of this guidance will individualise and rationalise intravenous fluid prescribing practice and minimise the potential harms associated with incorrect or injudicious use of intravenous fluids. Given recent global shortages in access to intravenous fluids, adoption of best-practice, as well as new initiatives such as ‘Sip til Send’,2 ensures optimal and sustainable use of intravenous fluids across healthcare.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Adult Critical Care, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK",
        "University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Breen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ashley Miller"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy Department, Fife Acute Hospitals Trust, Kirkcaldy, Scotland, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Alan Timmins"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Greg Barton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Justin Kirk-Bayley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Marcus John Edwards Peck"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Anaesthesia, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Huw John Davis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Northampton, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jonathan Wilkinson"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Intravenous fluid mismanagement: time for national stewardship and quality improvement",
  "uid": "a1832c7a-0eb4-5166-8de6-7e3ce26f1438"
}