{
  "abstract": "Objectives Children who are HIV exposed but uninfected (CHEU) are at risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. No study has examined autism in CHEU in Africa where most of these children live. Study objectives were to: 1) examine autism outcomes in CHEU and children who are HIV unexposed and uninfected (CHUU), and 2) to explore agreement among standard autism diagnostic measures.Methods To date, 104 children (54 CHEU, 50 CHUU) ages 24-48 months (mean: 2.73 years; n=54 females), were recruited from a longitudinal study of >850 children. Children and their caregivers participated in an evaluation conducted by research-reliable personnel in which Swahili-translated Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2), Toddler Autism Symptom Inventory (TASI), and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) were administered. Autism diagnostic outcomes were confirmed by expert clinicians based on clinical judgment.Results Eight of 104 children (8%; n=3 CHEU; n=5 CHUU) had an autism outcome. No group (CHEU/CHUU) differences were found among ADOS-2 Total or Social Affect domain, TASI, or SRS-2 Total scores (all p >.05). There was a trend toward higher ADOS-2 Repetitive Behavior domain scores (p=.05) in CHEU. Across groups, total scores on all measures were significantly correlated (p <.01). There was fair categorical autism agreement (κ=.30) between ADOS-2 and TASI and poor agreement (κ=.10) between TASI and SRS-2 scores.Conclusions Preliminary results demonstrate: 1) elevated autism prevalence CHEU and CHUU, and 2) agreement between observational and caregiver-report measures may be limited. Investigation into how LMIC context and perinatal exposures influence autism phenotype is ongoing in this study.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA",
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca McNally Keehn"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya",
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya",
        "Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Eren Oyungu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya",
        "Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Chelagat Saina"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Violet Amondi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Carolyne Boke"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Mark Nyalumbe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Regina Amondi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Celestine Ashimosi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Angela Paxton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Robert M Joseph"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA",
        "Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Megan S McHenry"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA",
        "Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Brandon Keehn"
    }
  ],
  "title": "105 Autism in children with and without HIV exposure in Western Kenya: diagnostic outcomes and agreement among standard measures",
  "uid": "8f4ba4e7-9c40-58fe-b553-6ed6d0797533"
}