{
  "abstract": "Introduction Residual COVID-19 sequelae create a public health concern as they add to the already heavy burden of non-communicable diseases. We set out to investigate the magnitude of residual cardiopulmonary manifestations postacute COVID-19 and their associated factors in Tanzania.Methods This was an ambispective study conducted between 26 March 2021 and 30 July 2021, among 712 hospitalised adults confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 in five tertiary-level hospitals in Tanzania. Retrospective data were analysed to determine baseline characteristics of the patients during acute COVID-19 admission. This was linked to prospective data that were collected 2 years postacute hospitalisation with COVID-19 to determine cardiopulmonary complications among these patients. Radiological pulmonary abnormalities were assessed by contrasted CT scan. Lung function tests were measured using a spirometer. Pulmonary hypertension and heart failure were confirmed by a transthoracic echocardiography. Generalised estimating equations were used to assess the associations between sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and residual cardiopulmonary sequelae.Results About half 317/712 (44.5%) were diagnosed with residual cardiopulmonary complications. Approximately 54% of participants were male. Median age (IQR) was 60 (48–69) years. Cardiopulmonary sequelae were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m 2 compared with those with BMI <25.0 kg/m2 (adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI)=3.4 (2.47 to 4.84), p<0.001), smokers compared with non-smokers (aOR (95% CI)=2.39 (1.09 to 5.23), p=0.030] and among participants who did not receive steroids during the acute COVID-19 (aOR (95% CI)= 1.62(1.16 to 1.92), p=0.042].Conclusion The independent predictors of residual cardiopulmonary manifestations due to COVID-19 were overweight, cigarette smoking, hypoxia and non-use of steroids during the acute phase of COVID-19 disease. Public health interventions addressing weight reduction and smoking cessation in conjunction with steroid use in acute COVID-19 may largely reduce the incidence of cardiopulmonary long COVID-19.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Elisha Fred Otieno Osati, OSATI"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Tumaini Joseph Nagu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Raphael Z Sangeda"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Grace Ambrose Shayo"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Residual cardiopulmonary manifestations following COVID-19: a Tanzanian ambispective study",
  "uid": "671afea3-bc78-5677-b3a4-591dbc01e940"
}