{
  "abstract": "Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic led many countries to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), substantially altering paediatric healthcare. This study evaluated the impact of NPIs on morbidity and non-SARS-CoV-2 infections in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods A descriptive, retrospective cohort study was conducted across three geographically distinct PICUs in Canada and France, covering January 2016 to July 2020. To assess the impact of NPIs, disease categories, patient morbidity, the length of PICU stay, mortality and the spectrum of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses detected from April to July in 2016–2019 were compared with the same period in 2020. Additionally, a time-series analysis of non-SARS-CoV-2 virus-related PICU admissions was performed.Results Among 12 873 patients, median age was 28.8 months (IQR 5.4–111.0), 32.3% required invasive mechanical ventilation, median PICU stay was 3.0 days (IQR 1.6–5.0) and mortality was 3.2%. Comparing the prepandemic and pandemic eras during April–July, the proportion of respiratory admissions declined significantly (29.4% vs 19.4%, p<0.01), while that of postoperative admissions remained stable (25.2% vs 22.9%, p=0.23). No significant differences were seen in ventilation use, length of stay or mortality. Time-series analysis showed a decreasing trend in non-SARS-CoV-2 viral admissions after the index date: OR 0.57 (95% CI 0.31 to 1.02) in weeks 0 to <2, 0.14 (0.08 to 0.25) in weeks 2 to <4 and 0.04 (0.02 to 0.06) in weeks 4 to 6.Conclusion NPIs implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced PICU utilisation and reduced non-SARS-CoV-2 viral infections. Quantitative estimates of such impacts can inform surge capacity planning and the time-limited implementation of NPIs in future pandemics.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Marika Matsumoto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert-Debré Mother-Child University Hospital, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Michael Levy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada",
        "Pediatric ICU, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Garros"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Shinya Miura"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Microbiology Unit, Robert-Debré Mother-Child University Hospital, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Patricia Mariani-Kurkdjian"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Bonita Lee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert-Debré Mother-Child University Hospital, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Stéphane Dauger"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada",
        "Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Philippe Jouvet"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Atsushi Kawaguchi"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric ICU admissions in Canada and France: a multicentre descriptive cohort and interrupted time-series analysis of non-SARS-CoV-2 viral admissions",
  "uid": "91c9348d-d99b-5842-96ee-335fba0e8056"
}