{
  "abstract": "Introduction Little is known regarding the impact of mobile vaccine clinics (MVCs) on COVID-19 vaccination rates in the USA. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of MVCs in increasing COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the state of Utah.Methods In this longitudinal observational study, we collected and analysed data on MVCs and COVID-19 vaccinations in Utah from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022. The primary exposure was the weekly number of MVC days in host ZIP codes (where MVCs operated). The secondary exposure was the weekly number of MVC days in nearby ZIP codes. The outcome was the weekly first-dose vaccination rate. A mixed-effects zero-inflated beta regression model was used. Confounding variables adjusted in the model included the Health Accessibility Barriers Index, the Resource-Constrained Health System Index, the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), vaccine hesitancy and prior vaccination rates.Results MVCs were deployed for 2760 days (8.5 MVC days per 10 000 residents). MVC density was higher in areas with high proportions of Hispanic populations (11.7 days per 10 000 residents), urban areas (9.0 days per 100 000 residents), and areas with very high SVI (14.9 days per 10 000 residents). Each additional MVC day in a given week reduced the odds of no vaccination in that week by 79.5% (OR=0.205, 95% CI 0.064 to 0.659) in host ZIP codes and by 21.1% (OR=0.789, 95% CI 0.732 to 0.849) in nearby ZIP codes. For ZIP codes with vaccinations, each additional MVC day increased the odds of weekly vaccination rates by 1.6% (OR=1.016, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.032) and by 0.6% (OR=1.006, 95% CI 1.003 to 1.009) in nearby ZIP codes.Conclusions MVCs increased COVID-19 vaccination uptake on both host and nearby ZIP codes. Policymakers can leverage these findings to use MVCs as a promising strategy to improve vaccine coverage for future pandemic responses or other vaccination programmes.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA",
        "Department of Economic, Social, and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"
      ],
      "name": "Khanh N C Duong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA",
        "Division of Biostatistics, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Yue Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA",
        "Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Richard E Nelson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew T Pavia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA",
        "Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Barbara E Jones"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Danielle T Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Cindy Wynette"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA",
        "Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Makoto M Jones"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA",
        "Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Matthew H Samore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA",
        "Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effectiveness of mobile vaccine clinics on COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the USA: an observational study",
  "uid": "c0e853c0-2eff-51d8-99d4-cc78e9d652f5"
}