{
  "abstract": "Background Gallstone disease (GSD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition with known associations to gallbladder cancer (GBC). India exhibits heterogeneity in GSD burden across different geographic regions. However, limited data are available from high and low-risk regions.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted across high-risk (Kamprup (Guwahati), Silchar, Mullanpur, Varanasi) and low-risk (Barshi) GBC regions using structured interviews. Self-reported history of gallstones was collected through interviewing participants from two sources, the Gallstone Survey (GS) and the 0.5 Million Indian Women Screening study. Per cent prevalence was estimated for GSD and stratified analysis based on sex, age and region was conducted. We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for GSD in high and low risk GBC regions.Results A total of 28 395 participants (9158 males, 19 237 females) aged 30–65 years were enrolled. Gallstone prevalence was highest in Mullanpur (10.8%, 95% CI 8.4% to 13.5%) and Kamprup (Guwahati) (10.7%, 95% CI (7.7% to 14.4%) and lowest in Barshi (0.3%, 95% CI 0.3% to 0.4%). Age and gender stratified analysis showed increasing gallstone prevalence with age among females in high-risk GBC regions, and no age-linked trends in GSD prevalence were observed in low-risk regions for both genders. The estimated overall PAF for high risk GBC regions was 2.7%, whereas in the low-risk region of Barshi the overall PAF was 0.2%.Conclusion Significant regional and sex-based variation in GSD prevalence across India aligns with high-risk zones for GBC, underscoring the need for targeted surveillance and aetiologic research.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India",
        "Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Shravani Umesh Mohite"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Nandkumar Panse"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Oncology, Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, India"
      ],
      "name": "Ravi Kannan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Center, NS Avenue, Silchar, India"
      ],
      "name": "Ritesh Tapkire"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiation Oncology and Homi Bhabha Cancer Center, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre, Varanasi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Satyajeet Pradhan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Chandigarh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Ashish Gulia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Kiran Mirgane"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Suhas Dhalgade"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Venkatesh Sangale"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Sanjay Khandagale"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Oncology, Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, India"
      ],
      "name": "Abdul Kadir Laskar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Oncology, Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, India"
      ],
      "name": "Ujjala Das"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Oncology, Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, India"
      ],
      "name": "Jyotish Dutta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Oncology, Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, India"
      ],
      "name": "Tirthankar Chakraborty"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology and Community Screening, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre, Varanasi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Ruchi Pathak"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India"
      ],
      "name": "Manigreeva Krishnatreya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Preventive Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Chandigarh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Vandita Pahwa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Lekha Kotkar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Ankita Manjrekar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Kamlesh Kadam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Grace Sarah George"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Romi Moirangthem"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Kaizar Bharmal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India",
        "Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Pravin Doibale"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Vikas Ostwal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Gastrointestinal and HPB Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Shailesh V Shrikhande"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Suyash Kulkarni"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Nitin Shetty"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India",
        "Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Rajesh Dikshit"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India",
        "Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Pankaj Chaturvedi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India",
        "Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Sharayu Mhatre"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prevalence of gallstone disease in India: insights from a community-based cross-sectional study",
  "uid": "add49694-0908-5f64-be94-2b121b6437f0"
}