{
  "abstract": "Background Food safety practices contribute as a primary factor to foodborne diseases and deaths, though there is no validated known psychometric properties scale accessible for consistent measurement.Aim The current study aims to develop and validate the psychometric properties of the multifactorial Food Safety Practice Scale.Method We adhered to the guidelines of Boateng et al for scale development. We developed a structured questionnaire using a deductive approach based on the WHO’s Five Keys to Safer Food’s domains, checked content validity, pre-tested and included 1652 responses (mean age: 30.79 years) using convenience sampling in a cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Next, the dataset was split into two independent subsets. Item reduction and factor extraction were conducted on the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) subset, while the scale’s dimensionality, reliability and validity were tested on the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) subset.Result The final scale, FSPS-18, comprised 18 items, refined from an initial pool of 31 items, grouped into four highly correlated constructs, with inter-construct correlations ranging from 0.68 to 0.83. Factor loadings were substantial in both EFA and CFA (0.536 to 0.929). The scale demonstrated robust reliability in both datasets (Cronbach’s alpha ≈ 0.93). CFA indices indicated excellent model fit. Additionally, the invariance test, convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity were well demonstrated. Although we rooted our conceptual framework in WHO’s domains, our scale demonstrated four factors that are different from the concept. However, FSPS-18 factors are easily interpretable using the Theory of Planned Behavior model and Health Belief Model.Conclusion The FSPS-18 has proven to be a reliable and valid scale, contributing to the standardisation of measuring food safety practices.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Md Bony Amin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Food Microbiology and Safety, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Md. Shajadul Islam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Md Shafiqul Islam Khan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Fardana Binte Zaman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Md Khaleduzzaman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Mst Rifatun Anika"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Sayoda Sadia Rahman Sara"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Shanjida Kabir"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Nusrat Jahan Hridi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Md Marufur Rahman Seyam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Wajihatun Nesa Chowdhury"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Science, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Musammet Rasheda Begum"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Md Hasanuzzaman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Food Microbiology and Safety, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Md Abu Tareq"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development and psychometric validation of the Food Safety Practice Scale (FSPS-18) for the adult population in Bangladesh: insights from the classical test theory and gender invariance test in a cross-sectional study",
  "uid": "2f04e586-0a41-55c5-b8da-9c0fb6bb82d4"
}