{
  "abstract": "Introduction Research on post-retirement athlete health has largely focused on males/men, leaving gaps in understanding female/woman-specific outcomes. This scoping review aimed to determine 1) which health outcomes are measured in retired athletes and 2) the extent of female/woman-specific data reporting.Materials and Methods Five databases were searched for primary studies reporting original health outcome data in retired athletes (i.e. no longer participating in their highest level of sport). Five reviewers independently screened and extracted study data in pairs, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Health outcomes were classified into six domains: cardiovascular, reproductive, cognitive, musculoskeletal (MSK), mental health and quality of life (QoL).Results A total of 333 studies including 97,698 athletes were identified, with 17% (n=17,303) being female/women. Most (86%) were classified as Tier 4 (Elite/International) or Tier 3 (Highly Trained/National) level athletes. 1,581 health outcomes were reported, including 222 (14%) female/woman-only outcomes. Overall, mental health outcomes (n=411/1,581; 26%) were most frequently measured, followed by cardiovascular (n=368; 23%), cognitive (n=335; 21%), MSK (n=288; 18%), QoL (n=121; 14%) and reproductive (n=67, 4%). Among female/woman-only outcomes, MSK accounted for the largest proportion (n=61/222, 27%), representing 3.8% of all outcomes, followed by mental health (n=44/222, 20%), representing 2.8% of all outcomes.Conclusion Although a wide range of health outcomes have been investigated in retired athletes, female/woman-specific data remain under-reported in research, representing fewer than one-in-five participants and one-in-seven outcomes. Addressing these gaps is essential to inform injury prevention, promote athlete longevity, guide post-career support, and improve long-term health in female/woman athletes.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of British Columbia, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jenna Schulz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Brock University, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jeffrey Brooks"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Western University, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Chloe Hewitt"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "LaTrobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Friedman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network, United Kingdom"
      ],
      "name": "Lauren Guilfoyle"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network, United Kingdom"
      ],
      "name": "Debbie Palmer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "LaTrobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Kay Crossley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Western University, Canada",
        "International Olympic Committee, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Jane Thornton"
    }
  ],
  "title": "20 Life after sport: mapping health outcomes and female/woman-specific gaps in retired athletes – a scoping review",
  "uid": "b9d21b5c-bacb-5de6-995e-06de8699903c"
}