{
  "abstract": "Background/aims Childhood myopia is a growing global concern, associated with significant burdens. This study aimed to identify evidence gaps and unmet needs in childhood myopia management through a European Delphi panel involving eye care professionals (ECPs) with expertise in childhood myopia management and payers (ie, individuals with experience in health technology assessment, healthcare funding, drug pricing and/or reimbursement decisions).Methods A modified Delphi method was employed, involving two rounds of online questionnaires followed by a final virtual workshop. The panel included 12 ECPs and 13 payers from seven European countries. Consensus was defined as ≥70% agreement among panellists.Results Consensus was achieved on all 37 statements across six categories: disease background, clinical burden, psychosocial/humanistic burden, economic burden, treatment options and unmet needs. Key findings included recognition of ethnicity and age as crucial factors in evaluating childhood myopia, as well as the minimal clinically important difference for progression reduction. The panel emphasised the need for long-term studies on the efficacy and safety of myopia treatments, especially their impact on reducing future complications. The impact of high myopia on quality of life and economic burden was also highlighted. Regarding unmet needs, despite some known factors, the exact mechanisms behind myopia development remain unclear. There is a need for comprehensive epidemiological data on European childhood myopia and regulatory-approved pharmacological treatments in Europe.Conclusions Consensus was reached among European ECPs and payers on the evidence gaps and unmet needs in childhood myopia management. These findings can guide future research to establish the best strategies for childhood myopia management and mitigate the burden.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuro & Paediatric Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Wolf Lagreze"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Paolo Nucci"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Huygens & Versteegh, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Matthijs Versteegh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands",
        "Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Caroline Klaver"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Jesús Barrio-Barrio"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Ophthalmology, NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Annegret Dahlmann-Noor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Rosario Gomez de Liaño"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK",
        "Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Neema Ghorbani-Mojarrad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Line Kessel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Jan Roelof Polling"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France"
      ],
      "name": "Arnaud Sauer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz University, Mainz, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Alexander K Schuster"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Children’s Hospital, Genova, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Massimiliano Serafino"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy",
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Edoardo Villani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany",
        "Center of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Focke Ziemssen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences, Leverkusen, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Yvonne-Beatrice Boehler"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Economics and Management, Cattaneo-LIUC University, Castellanza, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Stefano Capri"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Health Economics and Outcome Research, University of Rome, Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Fabrizio Gianfrate"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Joan-Antoni Valles Callol"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "MédiQualité Omega, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Olivier Wong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IQVIA Ltd, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ting-Yen Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IQVIA Ltd, Athens, Greece"
      ],
      "name": "Christina Lymperopoulou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IQVIA Ltd, Athens, Greece"
      ],
      "name": "Ioanna Palaka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IQVIA Ltd, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Yogesh Punekar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IQVIA Commercial GmbH and Co OHG, Munich, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Dorothea von Bredow"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Santen SA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Kun Shi-van Wielink"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Consensus on evidence gaps and unmet needs in childhood myopia: findings from a European Delphi study with eye care professionals and payers",
  "uid": "92332aaf-3252-5d12-a225-57b5b1841281"
}