{
  "abstract": "Introduction Patient safety is crucial in healthcare, especially in home-based settings where unregulated environments and limited supervision pose unique challenges. With the expansion of home healthcare due to an ageing population and healthcare workforce shortages, there is a pressing need for tools to assess patient safety culture in this context. Current instruments, developed for hospitals, do not adequately address the specific dynamics of home healthcare, such as patient autonomy and caregiver involvement. This protocol outlines the development and validation of the Patient Safety Culture in Home Health Care Centers Instrument (PSCHCI), using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach.Methods and analysis This sequential exploratory mixed-methods protocol consists of three phases. Phase 1 fieldwork (semi-structured interviews with 15 participants, 3 participant observations and field notes) has been completed. Qualitative data are currently being analysed using conventional content analysis. The scoping review component of Phase 1 is planned but has not yet been conducted. Phase 2 (instrument development) is planned to include item generation from qualitative results followed by expert panel review. Phase 3 (psychometric evaluation), scheduled for late 2026, will employ a cross-sectional study to assess face, content and construct validity; reliability; interpretability; and feasibility. This phase features pilot testing (n=30–50), face and content validity assessment (n=10 each), test-retest reliability (n=15) and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (n=300–400).Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences. All participants will provide written informed consent. Confidentiality, voluntary participation and withdrawal rights are guaranteed. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and shared with participating home healthcare centres, policymakers and stakeholders.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Student research committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran",
        "Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Abolfazl Etebarian Khorasgani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Hamid Sharif-Nia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Mostafa Gholami"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Student research committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Fateme Golestan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cardiovascular Nursing Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development and psychometric evaluation of the Patient Safety Culture in Home Health Care Centers Instrument (PSCHCI): a sequential exploratory mixed-methods protocol in Iran",
  "uid": "a9628af0-6030-59d7-bccc-b84578868770"
}