{
  "abstract": "Objectives Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has emerged as a major public health concern. We aimed to estimate the 1-year incidence of PCC in adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Lombardy, Italy, comparing community-managed and hospitalised patients and to assess the prognostic value of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) score to support estimation of long-term PCC prevalence.Design Retrospective-prospective observational cohort study enrolling patients infected between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2022. The study visit was conducted between 16 January and 23 December 2024.Setting Multicentre study involving seven public hospitals and general practitioners across Lombardy.Participants Randomly sampled adults aged 18–70 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hospitalised patients (HP) were admitted for COVID-19; general practitioner patients (GPP) were managed in the community. The total sample comprised: 1162 (546 HP, 616 GPP).Intervention This is an observational study with no active intervention.Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcome: 1-year incidence of PCC retrospectively assessed at the study visit.Secondary outcomes: symptom profiles, long-term PCC prevalence at the study visit and predictive value of the NIH RECOVER score.Results Median age was 57.1 years in HP and 42.9 years in GPP; 66.1% of HP and 47.7% of GPP were male. PCC developed in 280 patients (223 HP, 57 GPP). The 1-year cumulative incidence was 39.9% in HP (95% CI 35.9% to 44.1%) and 9.1% in GPP (95% CI 7.1% to 11.7%). The NIH RECOVER score was associated with PCC at 1 year (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.21). Model-based long-term PCC prevalence was 31.8% in HP and 6.3% in GPP.Conclusions PCC remained frequent and heterogeneous, particularly among previously HP. In this cohort, the NIH RECOVER score showed prognostic value for estimating longer-term PCC burden. These findings underscore the need for structured long-term follow-up across both hospital and primary care settings.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Lombardia, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Laura Antolini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Maria Grazia Valsecchi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale del Garda, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Anna Bussi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale di Crema, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale di Crema, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe La Piana"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Elisabetta Pagani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale Lodi, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale Lodi, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Maria Grazia Pascarella"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale della Valcamonica, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale della Valcamonica, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Patroni"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Pavia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Pavia, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Ivan Pellegrino"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IML Iniziativa Medica Lombarda, IML Iniziativa Medica Lombarda, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Anna Pozzi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IML Iniziativa Medica Lombarda, IML Iniziativa Medica Lombarda, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Mario Sorlini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale Ovest Milanese, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Marianna Ticozzelli"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Agency for Health Protection of Valpadana, Mantua, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Marco Villa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "IML Iniziativa Medica Lombarda, IML Iniziativa Medica Lombarda, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Mario Zappa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Epidemiology Unit, Agency for the Protection of Health of the Metropolitan Area of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Giampiero Russo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Economics and Finance, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Claudio Lucifora"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Unveiling the burden of long covid in hospital and community settings: findings from the Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Network (PASCNET) cohort study in Italy’s pandemic epicentre",
  "uid": "7540df84-7e8b-5589-a4ba-e7610c39e50b"
}