{
  "abstract": "Background Research has yielded contradictory results regarding differences in physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk between children and adolescents living in rural and urban areas.Objectives The present study aimed to analyse the moderating role of area of residence on the association of physical fitness and anthropometric parameters in Chilean adolescents.Design and setting Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative school-based sample from Chile.Participants and measures A total of 7,833 adolescents with an average age of 15.8±0.7 years participated in both rural (n=759) and urban (n=7,074) settings. Physical fitness tests were evaluated using the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness (ALPHA-Fitness) battery and anthropometric variables such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Generalised linear models with Gaussian distributions were constructed to estimate moderation models, with anthropometric-related variables as dependent variables, physical fitness variables as independent variables and area of residence as a moderator. Moderation analyses were conducted to examine whether the area of residence influences the association between physical fitness and anthropometric indicators (WC, WHtR and BMI).Results In all models, place of residence did not moderate the potential associations between physical fitness and anthropometric indicators; for example, cardiorespiratory fitness with WC (B=0.13, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.31; 0=0.160), WHtR (B=0.08, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.20; p=0.143) or BMI (B=0.08, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.20; p=0.207).Conclusions These findings suggest the associations between physical fitness and anthropometric outcomes do not differ significantly between rural and urban adolescents.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty Education and Humanities, School of Sport Sciences, Viña del Mar, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Andorra la Vella, Fit Generation Research Institute, Andorra la Vella, Andorra",
        "Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Valle del Cauca, Colombia"
      ],
      "name": "Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unidad Medicina del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Sandra Mahecha-Matsudo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Programa de Magíster en Evaluación y Planificación del Entrenamiento Deportivo, Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Valparaiso Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Guillermo Cortés-Roco"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Education and Humanities, School of Sport Sciences, Las Condes, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Josivaldo de Souza-Lima"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty Education and Humanities, School of Sport Sciences, Viña del Mar, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty Education and Humanities, School of Sport Sciences, Viña del Mar, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Claudio Hinojosa-Torres"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Grupo de investigación eFidac, Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Valparaiso Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Jacqueline Páez-Herrera"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Grupo de investigación eFidac, Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Valparaiso Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Juan Hurtado-Almonacid"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physical Activity Sciences Observatory (OCAF), Universidad de Playa Ancha, Playa Ancha, Región de Valparaíso, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Tomás Reyes-Amigo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "AFySE Group, Research in Physical Activity and School Health, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Jorge Olivares-Arancibia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Fundación Instituto Profesional DuocUC, Valparaíso, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Cristián Molina-Pedernera"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Maule Region, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Nicole Aguilera-Martínez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile",
        "Laboratory of Sport Sciences. Sports Medicine Centre Sports MD, Viña del Mar, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Marcelo Tuesta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador",
        "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "José Francisco López-Gil"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association between physical fitness and anthropometric indicators according to area of residence in Chilean adolescents: a cross-sectional study",
  "uid": "a3446272-ffc9-5990-96c5-4740f2c72fec"
}