{
  "abstract": "Introduction Intersectionality, as applied to health, provides a framework for understanding how overlapping social identities, such as ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic status, shape differential health outcomes and healthcare experiences. Individuals who occupy multiple marginalised identities often experience compounded disadvantages. Ethnic minority (EM) populations, defined here as social groups who are numerically smaller and/or socially marginalised within a given national or regional context based on ethnicity, race, culture, language, ancestry, or related heritage (often overlapping with racialised identities), frequently experience systemic exclusion, racism and structural barriers that also contribute to persistent disparities in morbidity, mortality and healthcare access. However, much health research relies on single-axis analyses, which can obscure within-group variation and may inadvertently reinforce inequities. Despite growing recognition of intersectionality, its empirical application to EM health remains limited. This systematic review aims to synthesise evidence on how intersectionality theory has been conceptualised and applied to understand health outcomes and healthcare utilisation among EM populations globally.Methods and analysis This systematic review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the PRISMA-Equity Extension. Comprehensive searches of peer-reviewed databases and grey literature, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest will identify quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method empirical studies published from 2000 to 2026. Eligible studies must implement intersectionality theory to EM health or healthcare utilisation outcomes. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles. Data extraction will also be conducted independently and discrepancies will be discussed with input from a third reviewer. Guided by the PROGRESS-Plus equity framework, findings will be synthesised thematically, implementing a mixed-method convergent integrated synthesis design.Ethics and dissemination This review only analyses previously published data, thus it does not require ethical approval. Findings will be presented at relevant academic or professional conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration number CRD420251248887.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Emma Victoria Marianne Bilney"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Family Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"
      ],
      "name": "Emily Tsui Yee Tse"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mazariegos Melanie Laam Chan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Qiman Shi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Junjie Ma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jane E Parry"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Family Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"
      ],
      "name": "David Ka Ki Wong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Luis Gabriel Bernal Pulido"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Family Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"
      ],
      "name": "William Chi Wai Wong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Family Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"
      ],
      "name": "Linda Chan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Peter Tanuseputro"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Applying intersectionality theory to health outcomes and healthcare utilisation of ethnic minority populations: a systematic review protocol",
  "uid": "6e32a47c-3eea-5666-96c4-c8f638bdd57e"
}