{
  "abstract": "Objectives This study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors and to deepen understanding of the diabetes burden in Ga Mashie, an urban-poor area in Accra, Ghana.Design Cross-sectional epidemiological cluster survey.Setting and participants We surveyed adults aged over 25 years in 80 enumeration areas within Ga Mashie, targeting 959 randomly selected households based on the 2021 census.Outcome measures Household-level data included household membership and structure, water and sanitation, cooking infrastructure and asset ownership. Individual-level data encompassed demographics, lifestyle behaviours and biometric measurements. Diabetes was identified through random blood glucose levels ≥11.1 mmol/L or a prior diagnosis, with obesity defined as a body mass index >30 kg/m 2 and central obesity as a waist circumference-to-height ratio >0.5. We derived weighted prevalence estimates and compared these estimates by age, sex and wealth using unadjusted ORs.Results The survey, achieving a 67% response rate, covered 854 individuals from 644 households. It unveiled a notable prevalence of risk factors known to be associated with diabetes: 47.2% for alcohol consumption (95% CI 43.7% to 50.8%), 50.7% for insufficient physical activity (95% CI 46.0% to 55.3%), 28.9% for unhealthy snack consumption (95% CI 24.5% to 33.7%), 35.1% for obesity (95% CI 31.3% to 39.1%) and 74.5% for central obesity (95% CI 70.8% to 77.9%). Diabetes affected 8.2% of the population aged ≥25 (95% CI 6.4% to 10.5%), with disparities evident across age, wealth and sex (2.66 greater odds in females for diabetes (95% CI 1.38 to 5.12)).Conclusion Diabetes and its risk factors are highly prevalent in Ga Mashie, with significant demographic disparities underscoring the need for targeted interventions. The study highlights the critical challenge diabetes poses in urban-poor contexts, emphasising the necessity for tailored health initiatives to mitigate this burden.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK",
        "London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Carlos Salvador Grijalva-Eternod"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana",
        "Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Kojo Mensah Sedzro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Kafui Adjaye-Gbewonyo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Community Health, Ensign Global College, Kpong, Ghana",
        "Department of Food Science and Centre for Sustainability Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Swaib Abubaker Lule"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Fred N Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Mawuli Komla Kushitor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK",
        "London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Akanksha Abhay Marphatia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ethan Gray"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana",
        "Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Samuel Amon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA",
        "Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, Tilman J Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Raphael Baffour Awuah"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana",
        "Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Research, University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Leonard Baatiema"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Irene Akwo Kretchy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Arhinful"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Kwadwo Ansah Koram"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Edward Fottrell"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors in Ga Mashie, Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional CARE Diabetes community-based survey",
  "uid": "6b9ec124-c42e-5b90-aece-9838334b6196"
}