{
  "abstract": "Background Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living with HIV in Ghana face multiple intersecting forms of marginalisation. Beyond the clinical management of HIV, little is known about how they construct meaning, navigate identity and imagine their futures within structural contexts shaped by stigma, gender inequity, economic precarity and colonial legacies.Objective To explore how AGYW living with HIV in Ghana understand and negotiate their social identities in work and school. We then aimed to understand how their lived experiences at school and work are shaped by broader systems of power.Methods This qualitative study drew on semi-structured interviews with AGYW (ages 11–24, n=24) receiving HIV care in Kumasi, Ghana. Data were coded both inductively and deductively. Themes were interpreted through the Ghanaian context using intersectionality, Critical Disability Studies, spoiled identity theory and African feminist decolonial theory. The analysis was conducted iteratively and reflexively, with attention to positionality, gender and structural power dynamics.Results Seven major themes were identified: (1) social support; (2) concrete plans for the future; (3) unattainability of the future; (4) coping via detachment; (5) need for privacy and confidentiality; (6) role as an arbiter of HIV information; and (7) financial stress. Across these themes, AGYW described dynamic processes of identity negotiation, moral and emotional labour and structural constraint. HIV was rarely the sole barrier. Rather, it intersected with gender norms, family dynamics, age hierarchies, economic marginalisation and misinformation to shape participants’ social worlds. Some participants coped through detachment or concealment, while others reclaimed agency through caregiving roles, education or aspirational goals.Conclusions AGYW living with HIV in Ghana are not only navigating a chronic illness but also resisting a layered matrix of social and structural injustice. Their stories reveal both vulnerability and strategic agency. Interventions and policy must go beyond biomedical care to address stigma, provide confidential and affirming school and work environments, and offer structural supports for emotional, educational and economic well-being.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Veena Bhagavathi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Directorate of Child Health, Kumasi, Ghana",
        "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Charles Martyn-Dickens"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Directorate of Child Health, Kumasi, Ghana",
        "University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana",
        "London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, UK",
        "Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Sheila Agyeiwaa Owusu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Directorate of Child Health, Kumasi, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Gustav Kumu Nettey"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Goryeb Children’s Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jessica Bedele"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Directorate of Child Health, Kumasi, Ghana",
        "KNUST, Department of Health Policy, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Ama D Sarfo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Michelle Munyikwa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Michigan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA",
        "Department of Learning Health Science, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Cheryl A Moyer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Child Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Health Sciences, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Anthony K Enimil"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
        "Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Leah Ratner"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The world according to girls: a qualitative study of school, work and identity among adolescent girls and young women living with HIV in Ghana",
  "uid": "9436981d-e3f0-5411-8b1e-9120d35882dd"
}