{
  "abstract": "Introduction Research on psychosocial interventions for dementia demonstrates increased rigour and robustness. However, if we are to influence practice, beyond results from randomised controlled trials, a variety of types and sources of evidence is needed. The Medical Research Council (MRC) framework offers a valuable guide for developing, evaluating and implementing complex interventions, to facilitate integration of research into practice. There is limited knowledge of how researchers design, evaluate and implement psychosocial intervention studies in dementia, using the MRC framework. This scoping review aims to: (1) identify the methodological and methods trends, use and gaps in the development, evaluation and implementation of psychosocial interventions for dementia, and (2) determine if and how the MRC six core elements were considered and applied in studies.Methods and analysis Six databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) will be searched for studies published from 2015 (when MRC process guidance was published) to 2025. Identified deduplicated citations will be imported into Covidence software, where up to 40% of title/abstracts will be double screened by independent reviewers. ASReview will be used to rank articles by relevance, with a stopping criterion of 250 consecutive irrelevant articles. Full texts will be reviewed by a single reviewer and those excluded will be checked by a second reviewer. Data extraction will include study aim/objective (ie, to develop/adapt; test feasibility/pilot; evaluate; implement); methodology and methods applied; information on which MRC six core elements were considered (yes/no), and if so, how they were addressed (ie, qualitative details). A narrative synthesis, alongside graphical representations (eg, table/bar charts/histograms), will be used to synthesise findings on methodologies and methods mapped onto the MRC framework.Ethics and dissemination This secondary analysis scoping review does not require ethics approval. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication(s), seminars, webinars, conferences, postgraduate dementia programmes, blogs, commissioner briefings and social media. The findings will provide a state-of-the-art overview of current practices; advance methods/methodology such as informing a Delphi consensus study on appropriate research approaches; and guide researchers in application of the MRC framework to widen the scope of dementia care evidence for practice improvements.Registration Submitted to Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S56NQ.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The Geller Institute of Ageing and Memory, School of Medicine and Biosciences, University of West London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Federica D’Andrea"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands",
        "Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"
      ],
      "name": "Sara Laureen Bartels"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Marine Markaryan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Patricia Masterson-Algar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Nakakawa Bernal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health and Social Care, Research Group Living Well with Dementia, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Simone R De Bruin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Human Sciences for Education ‘Riccardo Massa’, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Ilaria Chirico"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Science, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Aisling Flynn"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Lesley Garcia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Doris Gebhard"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Melanie Handley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Niels Janssen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Witten Site, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany",
        "Department of Nursing Science, University Witten Herdecke Faculty of Health, Witten, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Martina Roes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK",
        "School of Social Policy, Improving Adult Care Together, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Nathan Stephens"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Alzheimer Nederland, Amersfoort, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Gwen Teesing"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine and Chronic Care, VUB-UGent End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"
      ],
      "name": "Lieve Van den Block"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Karen Windle"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Esme Moniz-Cook"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands",
        "Department of IQ Health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands",
        "Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Maud Graff"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Methodologies and methods for the development, evaluation and implementation of psychosocial interventions for dementia: protocol for a scoping review",
  "uid": "2098d2ce-bc06-5fac-a189-c75efadf8de8"
}