{
  "abstract": "Objective Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the main cause of death globally, but is by and large a preventable disease. We wished to identify, categorise and map adherence measurements of preventative treatment strategies in patients with ASCVD.Design and data sources We conducted a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institue (JBI) methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science and EMBASE (Elsevier Biomedical Research database). The search was conducted in May 2023 and updated in November 2024.Eligibility criteria Observational studies pertaining to major types of ASCVD and related preventive treatment with reported adherence measures in adults over the age of 18 were included in this review.Data extraction and synthesis Title and abstract and subsequent full-text review were performed by two independent reviewers in duplicate. We presented data from the included 108 studies and synthesised the results in an overview of the most commonly used adherence measurements according to ASCVD category.Results A total of 108 records met the inclusion criteria. ASCVD populations included ranged in age from 40 to 91 years, with a male predominance (85%). Medication adherence was mostly reported by the proportion of patients taking their medication (15 studies, 14%) or the proportion of days covered (12 studies, 11%). Among the 108 included studies, 67 (62%) reported on medication adherence, 65 (60%) on smoking cessation, 39 (36%) on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol guideline adherence, 39 (36%) on exercise, 17 (16%) on diet and 11 (10%) on alcohol abstinence. Unspecified patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were the most used method for assessing medication adherence, reported in 15 studies (22%).Conclusion Medication adherence was the most frequently assessed domain in secondary prevention of ASCVD, with unspecified PROMs being the most applied measurement approach. Lack of a gold standard combined with inconsistent adherence measures across studies of ASCVD continues to pose a significant challenge for evaluating treatment quality.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Vascular Research Unit, Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospitalsenhed Midt, Viborg, Denmark",
        "Aarhus University Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Malene Glud"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenhed Midt, Viborg, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Nikolaj Thure Krarup"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Region Syddanmark, Denmark",
        "Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Carsten B Juhl"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical Library, Hospitalsenhed Midt, Viborg, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Louise Stenholt"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical Library, Hospitalsenhed Midt, Viborg, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Jane Kjemtrup Andersen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Quality of Life Research Center, Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark",
        "Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Region Syddanmark, Denmark",
        "Section of Hematology, Regionshospitalet Godstrup, Herning, Central Denmark Region, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Lene Kongsgaard Nielsen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Vascular Research Unit, Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospitalsenhed Midt, Viborg, Denmark",
        "Aarhus University Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, Denmark",
        "Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, Odense, Region Syddanmark, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Marie Dahl"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Measuring patient adherence in secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a scoping review",
  "uid": "6b42ea37-2fec-5e41-a3a8-06c8217c6433"
}