{
  "abstract": "Introduction Adverse neurological complications, including postoperative delirium (POD) and stroke, remain one of the major risks after cardiac surgery. A lack of comprehensive knowledge about their causes and neuroprotective strategies has hindered the development of effective interventions to reduce these events. Personalised cerebral autoregulation (CA)-oriented blood pressure monitoring aims to identify blood pressure targets tailored to each individual patient, thereby reducing brain injury. The PRECISION study aims to assess whether perioperative duration and magnitude of mean arterial pressure (MAP) deviation from an individual’s CA limits are associated with adverse neurological complications.Methods and analysis This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study is conducted at two Swiss and one British hospital. Patients aged 65 years or older undergoing elective primary or re-operative coronary artery bypass graft and/or valvular and/or ascending aorta surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass are included. Preoperatively, the patient’s baseline of physical, cognitive and mental status is established. Intraoperatively, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) are recorded in real-time to generate NIRS-derived and TCD-derived CA indices. The primary endpoint is POD, assessed daily on postoperative days 0 to 7 or up to discharge, whichever occurs earlier with the 3D-Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) or CAM-Intensive Care Unit. Secondary endpoints include a composite neurological outcome of POD and overt stroke, postoperative neurocognitive disorders, major morbidity and mortality. Associations between neurologic outcomes, neurobiomarkers and genetic variation will be explored.A total of 500 participants is required to achieve 90% power to find a statistically significant effect of the area under the curve MAP<lower limit of CA (LLA) on the risk of POD at the 5% level. This includes adjustment for potential confounders and for the inability to determine the LLA.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from all responsible ethics committees (Swiss lead ethics committee EKNZ 2022-01457 and Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales, UK, REC 23/SW/0076). Results will be disseminated at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number NCT05595954.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Anesthesiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Nuno V Gomes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Harry Edgar-Whelan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Brain Physics Lab, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Erta Beqiri"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jim Young"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland",
        "University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Christian Schindler"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Anesthesiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Michael Gregor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Anesthesiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Joachim M Erb"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Martin Siegemund"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Research Centre for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Jens Kuhle"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Research Centre for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Aleksandra Maleska Maceski"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Edward Needham"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Sven Cichon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Bettina Burger"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Andreas U Monsch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Wolfgang Hasemann"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Memory Clinic, University Department of Geriatric Medicine, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Alexandra Wüest"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and Heart Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Jens Fassl"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland",
        "Centre for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hirslanden Clinic Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Heiko A Kaiser"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Darren Hight"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Anja Levis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Dominik Günsch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine: Perioperative, Acute, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine (PACE) Section, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "David K Menon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Brain Physics Lab, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Marek Czosnyka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Brain Physics Lab, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Peter Smielewski"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew A Klein"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Anesthesiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Salome Dell-Kuster"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Anesthesiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland",
        "Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Luzius A Steiner"
    }
  ],
  "title": "PRECISION study: impact of personalised cardiac anaesthesia and cerebral autoregulation on neurological outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery – protocol for an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study",
  "uid": "fd06325e-eb31-528a-a701-a43d888b3f3c"
}