{
  "abstract": "Objectives To translate and culturally adapt six self-report measures for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic symptom disorder into Hindi and determine their diagnostic accuracy against a diagnostic clinical interview.Design Cross-sectional validation study.Setting Rural Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, northern India.Participants 480 perinatal (pregnant or within 12 months postpartum) and non-perinatal (not currently pregnant and not given birth within 12 months) women at one tertiary hospital and district-level Anganwadi (community health) centres.Primary and secondary outcome measures Symptom endorsement; and discriminant validity, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress (K10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD7), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and Scale for the Assessment of Somatic Symptoms (SASS).Results Complete data were available for 443 participants. Tiredness and body weakness were the most commonly endorsed symptoms among participants with common mental disorders. Among perinatal participants, the AUROC was highest for the GAD7 (0.88, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96) and SASS (0.84, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96). Among non-perinatal participants, the AUROC was highest for the SASS (0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97) and PHQ9 (0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.96).Conclusions Measures which assess for fatigue, tiredness and somatic symptoms may help to identify women experiencing common mental disorders in this setting. Small numbers of participants with clinically diagnosed mental disorders in our sample mean results must be interpreted cautiously.Trial registration number NCT05485701.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Gracia Fellmeth"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Diksha Sharma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Pankaj Kanwar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "British University of Bahrain, Saar, Bahrain"
      ],
      "name": "Komal Chawla"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Vikesh Gupta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Anita Thakur"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Siân Harrison"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Maria A Quigley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Himachal Pradesh Government, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Omesh Bharti"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"
      ],
      "name": "Prabha S Chandra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"
      ],
      "name": "Geetha Desai"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"
      ],
      "name": "Harish Thippeswamy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Sukhjit Singh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Manisha Nair"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"
      ],
      "name": "M Thomas Kishore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
        "School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Fiona Alderdice"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"
      ],
      "name": "Ashok Verma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [],
      "name": "Perinatal Mental Health Study (PMHS) Group"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Identifying common mental disorders among perinatal and non-perinatal women in northern India: a cross-sectional validation study of the diagnostic accuracy of six self-report measures",
  "uid": "fb5ec8a1-b69c-53c5-8669-04e4fd5e7bc4"
}