{
  "abstract": "Introduction Obtaining clean-catch urine (CCU) samples from non-continent infants is a common clinical challenge due to low urine volume and irregular urination. Non-invasive stimulation techniques, such as the bladder stimulation technique (BST) and the Quick-Wee method, have been proposed to improve success rates and reduce contamination. However, the supporting evidence remains inconsistent, and no multicentre randomised trials have directly compared the effectiveness and safety of Quick-Wee, BST and standard CCU.Methods and analysis The study will enrol 342 infants aged 1–12 months requiring urinalysis, recruited from paediatric wards across three tertiary hospitals in China. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three intervention groups: BST, Quick-Wee or standard CCU. The primary endpoint is the success rate of urine collection within 5 min of intervention. Secondary endpoints include time to urination, 5 min urination rate, infant discomfort scores, parental and clinician satisfaction, and urine contamination rates. Safety will be evaluated by monitoring the incidence of adverse events.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. 114/2025). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants’ parents prior to enrolment. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. Individual participant data will be kept strictly confidential and securely stored in compliance with data protection regulations.Trial registration number ChiCTR2500098691.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China",
        "West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Fangqin Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Chi Yuan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Surgery, Leshan Women and Children Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Fangfang Cao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ping Feng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, MAGIC China Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Sheyu Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Liangcheng Xiang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"
      ],
      "name": "Qibo Hu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China",
        "West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Liwei Feng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Chuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Surgery, Leshan Women and Children Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Pingqian Bao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mengting Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"
      ],
      "name": "Lingli Mei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Surgery, Leshan Women and Children Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jie Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yue Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zhihui Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China",
        "West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Wenjiao Huang"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Stimulation methods for collecting urine from hospitalised precontinent infants: study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, open-label, three-arm, parallel-group randomised controlled trial",
  "uid": "51822126-409d-5a83-9cbf-6664512ee158"
}