{
  "abstract": "Objective To assess cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics using the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) tool as a comprehensive measure of several metabolic and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.Design Cross-sectional study, nationally representative Iran STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey 2021.Setting Iran, 2020–2021.Participants 25 202 adult individuals aged 25 years and older participated in the STEPS survey.Outcome measures Using the LS7 framework, seven factors were assessed: current smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, modified healthy diet score components, total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Each factor was categorised into three levels of poor, intermediate and ideal, according to the LS7 methodology.Results The study participants had a sex distribution of 55.5% females. The findings revealed a high prevalence of ideal levels of smoking (80.1%; 95% CI 79.3 to 81.0), total cholesterol (69.4%; 95% CI 68.5 to 70.4) and FPG (61.0%; 95% CI 60.0 to 62.1). BMI and blood pressure were ideal in about one-third of the population (33.0%; 95% CI 32.1 to 34.0, and 30.5%; 95% CI 29.6 to 31.4, respectively). However, only 13.3% (95% CI 12.6 to 14.0) of participants achieved ideal levels of physical activity, and a mere 0.4% (95% CI 0.3 to 0.6) adhered to an ideal healthy diet. Modest disparities in CVH metrics were observed across provinces and between two sexes. Ideal CVH status was significantly associated with lower risks of major diseases such as ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease.Conclusions Despite favourable scores in some CVH metrics, critical gaps in diet and physical activity highlight the need for intensive public health efforts to enhance CVH in Iran. The study emphasises the urgency of implementing region- and sex-specific public health policies.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Sina Azadnajafabad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Shahabeddin Rezaei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Golaleh Almasi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Naser Ahmadi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Ali Golestani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Negar Rezaei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Nazila Rezaei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Yosef Farzi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Erfan Ghasemi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Moein Yoosefi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Rosa Haghshenas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Nasserinejad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Ameneh Kazemi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Elham Abdolhamidi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad-Reza Malekpour"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Azadeh Momen Nia Rankohi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Shirin Djalalinia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran",
        "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Farshad Farzadfar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 for cardiovascular health assessment among Iranian adults: a national cross-sectional study from STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey 2021",
  "uid": "e856f6b6-67b0-56cc-86b5-3b41ef49c1ef"
}