{
  "abstract": "Introduction Yoga has been shown to improve pain and function compared with no exercise in people with chronic low back pain (LBP), but treatment effects are small. Given that yoga is a mind–body intervention that addresses physical as well as psychological factors, it may be more effective for patients with chronic LBP who are at high risk of poor prognosis. The study aims to investigate the efficacy of a 12-week yoga programme combined with education in reducing pain and disability for individuals with chronic LBP at high risk of poor prognosis at short (12 weeks) and intermediate (24 weeks) terms, compared with a control group receiving education only.Methods and analysis A randomised controlled trial will include 110 adults with chronic non-specific LBP reporting an average pain intensity of 3 points or more on a 0–10 scale over the past week and classified as high risk of poor prognosis (ie, scoring 50 points or above) on the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire short-form. Participants in the control group will receive an educational booklet and attend three face-to-face lectures over a 3-month period. In the intervention group, in addition to the booklet and lectures, participants will attend group yoga sessions twice a week for 12 weeks, totalling 24 yoga sessions. The primary outcome is disability assessed at 12 weeks, measured using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire.Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Protocol number CAAE: 57028022.0.0000.5149). Findings will be disseminated to trial participants, clinicians and the broader public and scientific community.Trial registration number NCT05953155.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Simone M Nunes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Rodrigo R Rizzo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Marcia R Franco"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Fabiane R Ferreira"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Livia J G Barros"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Izabela T Maciel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Raimundo L Santos"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Robert R Nascimento"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Angelo J Couto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Letícia S Quaresma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Rafael M Fontes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Erica M R Ferreira"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Chris G Maher"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "James H McAuley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil",
        "Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Discipline of Physiotherapy, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Rafael Z Pinto"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficacy of YOga in people with chronic non-specific low BACK pain and poor PROgnosis (YOBACK-PRO): protocol for a randomised clinical trial",
  "uid": "7a5a1f78-7b49-57ec-b0a5-4d2a94f45033"
}