{
  "abstract": "Objective To evaluate the performance of Ghana’s environmental surveillance (ES) system for poliovirus (PV) detection from 2018 to 2022 using standardised indicators developed by the WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Design A retrospective performance evaluation using 10 key indicators benchmarked against global targets for PV surveillance.Setting Seven regions across Ghana, participating in the national ES programme implemented under the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.Surveillance coverage Wastewater sampling was conducted at designated ES sites, supported by field collection teams and laboratory personnel responsible for sample acquisition, processing and reporting of PV detection results.Outcome measures Detection rates of PV and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs), timeliness of sample collection and reporting, data quality and system stability.Results A total of 738 wastewater samples were collected. The system demonstrated high sensitivity, detecting circulating vaccine-derived PV type 2 in 51 (6.9%) of samples, Sabin PV types 1 and 3 in 61 (9.5%) and 114 (17.8%), respectively, and NPEVs in 491 (66.5%) of samples. Over 80% of samples met the recommended 21-day collection-to-reporting time frame. Data quality exceeded the ≥80% threshold, and workflows remained stable throughout the evaluation period.Conclusions Ghana’s ES system for PV was found to be flexible, stable and effective in generating high-quality data for early detection and public health response. These findings underscore the system’s critical role in supporting polio eradication efforts and highlight its potential as a model for surveillance in similar settings.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Evangeline Obodai"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Nana Afia Asante Ntim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Ewurabena Oduma Duker"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Emmanuel Gberbi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Comfort Nuamah Antwi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Jude Yayra Mensah"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Deborah Odame"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Jessica Dufie Boakye"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Sharon Ansong Bimpong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Gayheart Deladem Agbotse"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Nancy Odoom"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Patience Lartekai Adams"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Nana Kobina Acquah"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Angelina Evelyn Dickson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Christabel Odoom"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Disease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Kwame Kodom Achempem"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Disease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Isaac Baffoe-Nyarko"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Nutrition, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Godfred Egbi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Disease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Dennis Laryea"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Disease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Virology, University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "John Kofi Odoom"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effectiveness of poliovirus environmental surveillance in Ghana: an indicator-based performance evaluation across seven regions, 2018–2022",
  "uid": "73e64f3d-9020-5bd0-b667-f07210dfb2a0"
}