{
  "abstract": "Objectives This study explores the challenges experienced by Australian healthcare professionals (HCPs) in delivering type 2 diabetes care to people of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. We examined how sociocultural, linguistic and health systems factors influence their clinical practice.Design A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews was conducted from April to October 2024. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes in HCPs’ experiences, guided by a constructivist perspective.Settings The study was conducted in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, across primary and tertiary healthcare settings.Participants A purposive sample of 11 Australian HCPs from diverse disciplines, including general practice, pharmacy, nursing, endocrinology, dietetics and podiatry, participated. All had provided type 2 diabetes care to people of CALD backgrounds within the previous 12 months. Participants included both male and female professionals, many from ethnically diverse backgrounds.Results Three overarching themes were identified, reflecting HCPs’ perceived challenges to providing culturally responsive type 2 diabetes care to people of CALD backgrounds. These themes illustrated the multilevel challenges encountered by HCPs at the patient, organisational and provider levels, namely: (1) healthcare provision across diverse health literacy and cultural contexts, (2) navigating system gaps in multicultural clinical practice and (3) workforce preparedness gaps in culturally responsive care.Conclusions HCPs remain committed to providing culturally responsive type 2 diabetes care but continue to face constraints, including limited cross-cultural training and exposure, inadequate interpreter access, time pressures and insufficient culturally adapted resources. Effective care in multicultural settings requires recognising patients’ culturally shaped beliefs about health and illness and embedding cultural humility, reflexivity and competence within professional practice, essential steps towards advancing equitable type 2 diabetes care across Australia’s diverse communities.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University STEM College, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Diane Gargya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University STEM College, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Vincent Chan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University STEM College, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Thilini Thrimawithana"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University STEM College, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Ieva Stupans"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Design, RMIT University College of Design and Social Context, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Kimmi Keum Hee Ko"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University STEM College, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Barbora de Courten"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University STEM College, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Chiao Xin Lim"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Challenges of multicultural healthcare practice in type 2 diabetes care: a qualitative study of Australian healthcare professionals",
  "uid": "3626ef7b-fa72-5836-8347-ed9dccc0d772"
}