{
  "abstract": "Introduction Values and preferences are key determinants of optimal care, and variability in patient values and preferences often dictates differences in patient management. Clinicians’ views of patients’ values and preferences may differ across cultural aspects and stage of training, but the extent to which this is the case remains uncertain. One key value and preference issue is the trade-off between quantity and quality of life, and this issue is particularly prominent among patients with dementia. We therefore propose to investigate the extent to which physicians’ perceptions of optimal management for patients living with advanced dementia may differ due to cross-cultural factors and stage of medical training.Methods and analysis We will conduct a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study (QUAN → qual). First, we will administer paper-based or electronic surveys during educational sessions, conferences and rounds to medical students, residents and physicians in ten countries, either in person or online. Following that, a qualitative inquiry, guided by the findings of the quantitative study and the principles of the interpretive description design, will inform an in-depth exploration of the predictive factors identified in the quantitative data analysis.Ethics and dissemination The Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board at McMaster University has approved this study (approval number 2024-17651). We will disseminate our findings in peer-reviewed publications and present results at conferences as oral and poster presentations.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada",
        "Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "João Pedro Lima"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada",
        "Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada",
        "Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada",
        "Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon"
      ],
      "name": "Lawrence Mbuagbaw"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Manya Prasad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"
      ],
      "name": "Amit Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon",
        "Cochrane Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon"
      ],
      "name": "Guy Sadeu Wafeu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Romain Bonnet"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland",
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada",
        "MAGIC Evidence Ecosystem Foundation, Oslo, Norway"
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Agoritsas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China",
        "MAGIC China Centre, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Sheyu Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zhanming Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Pablo Alonso-Coello"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculdades Souza Marques Escola de Medicina Souza Marques, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
        "Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Fábio Akio Nishijuka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Reza Mirza"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Caroline Matos Silva"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Internal medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"
      ],
      "name": "Rajaa Alshanketi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Palliative Care, Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Imtinan Alsahafi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "19. Primary Healthcare Sector, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE"
      ],
      "name": "Alanood Alnuaimi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Internal Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway"
      ],
      "name": "Anja Fog Heen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Lisa Schwartz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada",
        "Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada",
        "MAGIC Evidence Ecosystem Foundation, Oslo, Norway"
      ],
      "name": "Gordon Guyatt"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Determinants of treatment decisions in advanced dementia: a protocol for a cross-cultural mixed-methods study",
  "uid": "fa382aec-a1dd-5c3c-94a8-71a819ddaefd"
}