{
  "abstract": "Objective To translate and validate the HLS-Child-Q15, a relatively short questionnaire for assessing health literacy in children originally validated in German, into English to make it accessible to a large population of English-speaking children.Design We translated the HLS-Child-Q15 into English following established methods, including forward and backward translation, using multiple translators. We incorporated clinician and consumer input into the translation process. We conducted a qualitative pre-test to assess comprehension and a validation to assess psychometric properties and test-retest reliability.Setting Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western AustraliaPatients We recruited English-speaking children aged 8 to 15 years.Main outcome measures Qualitative analysis of pre-test interviews, Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability.Results The translation process yielded an acceptable translation. A qualitative pre-test conducted with 10 children demonstrated good comprehension of questionnaire items and resulted in small changes to increase item clarity. Validation with 207 participants demonstrated that questionnaire output score increased with age, school year, self-efficacy score, parental educational level and home literacy environment score. Internal consistency was assessed, with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.854 (95% CI 0.812 to 0.887). Test-retest reliability was moderate, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.612 (95% CI 0.402 to 0.761).Conclusions The translated HLS-Child-Q15 was well understood by children. Validation of the translated questionnaire demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, consistent with the original German questionnaire. The translated HLS-Child-Q15 is suitable for use with English-speaking children.Data availability statement Data are available on reasonable request and in compliance with institutional ethics and governance requirements.Trial registration number ACTRN12622001499774",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Perioperative Medicine Team, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Frazer Eagle Drake-Brockman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Vance Locke"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Perioperative Medicine Team, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Neil Hauser"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Perioperative Medicine Team, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "David Sommerfield"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Perioperative Medicine Team, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Daisy Evans"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Perioperative Medicine Team, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Aine Sommerfield"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "School of Physics, Maths and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Nazim Khan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Perioperative Medicine Team, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Britta Sylvia von Ungern-Sternberg"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Health literacy scale for English-speaking children: translation and validation of the HLS-Child-Q15-EN",
  "uid": "e6d48219-5590-5fc2-bb0b-4ea05d543e67"
}